著者

鈴木 茂忠 宮尾 嶽雄 西沢 寿晃 志田 義治 高田 靖司

出版者

信州大学農学部

雑誌

信州大学農学部紀要 (ISSN:05830621)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.p61-91, 1975-12

被引用文献数

2

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The Kiso-Komagatake is one of the main mountains in Kiso Mountain Range, which rises nearly on the middle of Japan main land, that is, on the western side of the Ina Basin in Nagano Prefecture, forming the watershed between the Rivers Kiso and Tenryu. The highest summit is as high as 2,956m above the sea level. One can in a while attain the height of 2,500m above the sea level from the City Komagane (600m high) by means of bus and then ropeway and many tourists visit the mountain throughout the year. This, together with extensive amount of wood cutting, has contributed to the rapid deterioration of the nature. As for the botanical distribution of the mountain, Pinus pumila is predominant in the alpine zone, higher than 2,500m above the sea level, Abies mariesii and Tsuga diversifolia in the sub-alpine zone, 1,500-2,500m high, and Quercus crispula in the lower zone, lower than 1,500m. Cultivated lands and village can be found in the zone lower than 900m above the sea level. The natural flora is confined to the subalpine zone and the lower zone is mostly occupied by the secondary forest, mainly consisted of Larix kaempferi. To obtain the general distribution of small mammals on eastern slope of the Kiso-Komagatake, the authors have carried out the collection and survey since June 1974. The results are as follows : 1) The collection was made with snap traps at 6 places of different height, ranging 950-2,640m above the sea level on the eastern slope, and the following species were obtained : Insectivora Sorex shinto alt. 1,500-2,640m Crocidura dsinezumi alt. 1,200m Dymecodon pilirostris alt. 1,300-1,700m Urotrichus talpoides alt. below 1,300m Rodentia Glirulus japonicus alt, 1,700m and 1,300m Clethrionomys andersoni alt. 1,300-2,640m Eothenomys kageus alt. 1,200-1,500m Microtus montebelli alt, below 1,200m Apodemus speciosus alt. 950-1,500m Apodemus argenteus alt. 950-2,640m Rattus norvegicus alt. 2,640m around the ropeway station, hotel and restaurant in the alpine zone. The widest distribution was shown by A. argenteus, being found at any place in the altitude of 950-2,640m. The species which was distributed from the sub-alpine to alpine zone was S. shinto and C. andersoni. D. pilirostris was native to the forest of sub-alpine zone. C. andersoni and E. kageus are both forest dwellers, the former species is used to live in above 1,300m and the latter live in below it. The distribution border between D. pilirostris and U. talpoides was also at the altitude of about 1,300m. M. montebelli generally inhabits in cultured land, grassy plain and young forested land. In the Kiso-Komagatake, however, this species did not distribute in higher altitude than 1,300m even when the habitat was sufficient. This is probably because of very steep slope of the mountain side. R. norvegicus inhabited around the ropeway station, hotel and restaurant in the alpine zone, propagating themselves even in very severe cold conditions. The higher the altitude of the population of A. argenteus, the later the beginning of propagation in spring occured. 2) In the zone, ranging 1,300-1,500m above the sea level, small mammals were caught with snap traps in three Larix kaempferi-afforested lands of different age and the relation between forest age and species of small mammals was examined. A. speciosus was found in the sapling and the young forest but not in the grown forest, while a large amount of A. argenteus was found in the grown forest according to Apodemus Index. C. andersoni was not found in the sapling, while E. hageus was relatively large amounts in the sapling and the young forest, though absence in the grown forest. 3) In a few Larix kaempferi forest in the altitude of 1,300m, movements of A. speciosus and A. argenteus were followed up for 7 days by the use of alive traps. The distance of two traps which caught the same individual in two consecutive nights was measured with the following results :In case of A. speciosus, it was 11.3m (mean for 5 cases) in June and 21.0m (mean for 4 cases) in August. The mean for June and August was 15.6m for 9 cases. In case of A. argenteus, the mean distance in June was 15. 5m for 7 cases. From these figures, the diameter of the home range was calculated, with the result that the mean was 33.1m for A. speciosus and 27.8m for A. argenteus. There was little difference between them.

著者

鈴木 茂忠 宮尾 嶽雄 西沢 寿晃 志田 義治 高田 靖司

出版者

信州大学農学部

雑誌

信州大学農学部紀要 (ISSN:05830621)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.p21-42, 1976-06

被引用文献数

2

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The distribution of small mammals on the eastern slope of the Mt. Kiso-Komagatake, the peak of the Japanese Central Alps was described in the previous report (Suzuki, Miyao et al, 1975). In the present paper, the authors made clear the food habit of the Japanese martens (Martes melampus melampus) in the upper part of low mountainous zone (1,200-1,600m above the sea level) on the eastern slope of the Mt. Kiso-Komagatake. From late August 1975 to late February 1976, total 193 scat samples were collected in the area and their content were analyzed. As to the flora in the area, afforestation of Larix kaempferi is predominating, and secondary forests containing Quercus crispura, Betula platyphylla, Fagus crenata, Cercidiphyllum japonicum and Tsuga diversifolia are scattered here and there. The results of scat analysis are as follows; 1) Scats containing both animal and vegetable foods were predominant, indicating the omnivorous habit of the Japanese marten. Those exclusively containing animal foods increased in winter (January to February), thus suggesting their stronger tendency towards flesh-eating in the cold season. 2) Kinds of animals eaten by the Japanese marten covered seven classes, and among them insects and small mammals were mainly eaten. Mammals eaten with the highest predilection were Lepus brachyurus and murinae rodents, and especially the former may become the basal animal foods for the Japanese marten. Insectivora in scats were found more frequently in winter. A mass of hairs ofthe Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus crispus) was found in one scat. In insects, Coleoptera was frequently eaten but they entirely disappear in winter season. 3) As to the vegetable foods, buccas and drupes from plants of seven orders of class Dicotyledoneae were found and buccas from Actinidia arguta and A. holomikta of order Parietales were mainly eaten. Scats contained 85-99% of fruits collected from August to December, however, its percentage decreased and the frequency of the small mammals increased in winter season (January to February). Besides Parietales, buccas and drupes of Akebia quinata, Rubus, Vitis coignetiae, Viburunum furcatum, Diospyros kaki, Aralis cordata A. elata were also eaten. 4) The mean number of different order of foods found in one scat was 2.5 for the total period of investigation, 2.8 for August to September, 2.2 for October to December and 2.1 for January to February. In August to September, buccas of Actinidia arguta, A. holomikta and Akebia quinata were more frequently eaten in combination with Lepus brachyurus. In January to February, Lepus brachyurus was the major food. 5) It arouses great interest to know what difference may exist in the food selection among the Japanese marten, Martes melampus melampus, the Japanese red fox, Vulpes vulpes japonica and the Japanese weasel, Mustela itatsi itatsi, which live sympatrically in the same area. This problem will be studied in the near future.