- 著者
- 政木 哲也 長坂 大
- 出版者
- 日本建築学会
- 雑誌
- 日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.83, no.749, pp.1173-1182, 2018 (Released:2018-07-30)
- 参考文献数
- 22
- 被引用文献数
- 3 1
In this study, we have surveyed the spatial configuration and distribution of Jizo (stone statue of Buddhist god) found within the limits of public housing in Kyoto city, and analyzed them in order to consider the transformation of common space by manners brought in by the residents. Jizo in urban areas is common mainly in the Kansai district. In the case of central Kyoto, citizens have traditionally formed religious urban spaces for the local community by enshrining Jizo on the streets. Kyoto suffered a serious housing shortage caused by the rapid population flow during the post WW2 era and the high economic growth period. Major suburban housing developments were accelerated to solve this issue. This led to many residents living in a whole new modern urban space. On the occasion of developing their own community, they have brought in their religious customs, including Jizo. Danchi-nai-Jizo (Jizo inside public housing) is still largely unexplored; a field research was conducted in order to clarify the present condition of every Danchi-nai-Jizo. This research includes recording their locations and orientations among the site. The total number of surveyed Danchi is 148 including three different housing categories; municipal housing, prefectural housing and rental apartments built by Japan Housing Corporation (JHC). As a result, 55 of these Danchi included Danchi-nai-Jizo. Our analysis of geographical distribution shows that Danchi-nai-Jizo can be found in every ward of Kyoto except Kamigyo-ward and more in suburban Danchi than ones in the central area. Some specific areas were found where many Danchi-nai-Jizo gather densely. Our analysis of chronological distribution of Danchi-nai-Jizo linked with construction year of each development, clarified that Danchi-nai-Jizo exists widely from the old Danchi to the new. They were both found in larger Danchi, most built in the 60's and early 70's, and smaller ones built after the 80's. Focusing on Danchi-nai-Jizo within common spaces, three pattern types, “Apartment type”, “Danchi type” and “Neighborhood type”, were derived through analysis of space configuration. This corresponds to three different scales of community space. The “Apartment type” is the configuration of Danchi-nai-Jizo that is placed close to the residents nearby the apartment building, at the center of a small unit of community space. Danchi-nai-Jizo for “Danchi type” is usually located inside or around the square facing towards the empty space. In this case, the Danchi-nai-Jizo is at the center of community space for the entire Danchi. “Neighborhood type” describes the Danchi-nai-Jizo on the border of the housing development. This configuration looks similar to Jizo seen on the streets in central Kyoto, but this Danchi-nai-Jizo has less relation to the Danchi it self. Danchi-nai-Jizo is an informal act by the residents, but it has been accommodated in the Danchi space for decades. The “Apartment type” Danchi-nai-Jizo has fit in a small excess space around the resident access path and more accommodation is found in these common spaces. In the case of “Danchi type”, it is about how Danchi-nai-Jizo was accepted and how it replaced the original function of the open space. “Neighborhood type” showed how Danchi space accommodates to the surrounding neighborhood. In conclusion, it is safe to say that Danchi-nai-Jizo has existed despite the transformation of Danchi space, and flexible and accommodating nature in Danchi was clarified through the existence of Danchi-nai-Jizo seen in various types of common spaces.
- 著者
- 政木 哲也 長坂 大
- 出版者
- 日本建築学会
- 雑誌
- 日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.84, no.763, pp.1871-1881, 2019 (Released:2019-09-30)
- 参考文献数
- 18
In this study, we have surveyed the distribution and spatial spread of Jizo-bon (ceremony of Jizo =stone statue of a Buddhist god) found within the limits of public housing located in eastern suburb of Kyoto city, and analyzed them in order to consider the nature of common space used for ceremonies held by the residents. Jizo-bon is a ritual ceremony common mainly in the Kansai area, held in 24th August, the ceremonial day of Jizo-bosatsu (A god of Buddhism). While Jizo-bon is composed by several events, the most important section is the Buddhist chant and lecture provided by the priest. In the ceremony, prayers will gather around the Jizo to pray with the priest. Our study focuses on the behavior of this ceremonial area. Jizo-bon inside public housing is still largely unexplored; a field research was conducted in order to clarify the present condition of every Jizo-bon held inside public housing in the eastern suburb of Kyoto city. The scope of the survey was aimed at public housings located in Yamashina-ward and eastern Fushimi-ward. The history of this area is relatively short compared to central Kyoto. Urban development experienced rapid growth in the post WW2 era and during the high economic growth period. Major housing development led the growth of population of this suburban area. In our last study, we have pointed out these suburban areas are the specific areas in Kyoto where large amount of Danchi-nai-Jizo (Jizo inside public housing) were found. Research of Jizo-bon in this area will highlight the traditional manners within the modern habitation environment. Jizo-bon was identified in 17 public housings, out of 19 (with Danchi-nai-Jizo). 11 were found in Yamashina ward and 6 were in the eastern Fushimi area. There was a clear correlation between the housings with Danchi-nai-Jizo and the ceremony. We confirmed that these Danchi-nai-Jizo were mainly placed for the Jizo-bon festival. We found three pattern types identified based on its position, “Open-air”, “Pilotis”, and “Halls”. These types were derived through analysis of chronological configuration. In massive housings built by the early 70s, small sized “Open-air” Jizo-bon, the ceremony held outdoors at the Jizo location, were typical. During this era, social interest of Jizo-bon grew throughout the city, and the performance of ceremonies become bigger and grander in scale. Jizo-bon in “Halls”, the ceremony performed indoors of the hall in public housing, were found during this era. Public housing built in each era tend to carry and maintain their own Jizo-bon until today. This explains the various forms of Jizo-bon we see. Spatial analysis of the ceremonial areas within common space brought out two specific behaviors; “diverse” and “traverse”. “Diverse” explains the original purpose and function of common space diverted into ceremonial use. “Traverse” explains the crossover use of various common space, while temporarily neutralizing the borders within. The loose articulation among the common space sustains the use of various Jizo-bon in public housings. Tents, mats and lanterns are usually placed around the Jizo during the ceremony. These temporary elements make the everyday common space into the ritual space. This shows that Jizo-bon in public housing is an event that the common space overlaps the extraordinary. In conclusion, it is safe to say that loose articulation found among common space in public housings, carries and sustains the various ways of common use by the community, such as the Jizo-bon.