著者

真木 利江 新畑 朋子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.748, pp.1117-1125, 2018 (Released:2018-06-30)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

1

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This paper aims to clarify the transition and the characteristics of the landscape design by Kenzo Tange in Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park through investigation of the drawings and the descriptions of the park published in magazines and collections of his works, and the historical materials owned by the Hiroshima City Archives. Tange's plan, proposed in the architectural design competition held in 1949, is very famous for the idea that the principle axis oriented north and south through the park crosses at right angles with the axis oriented east and west along Peace Boulevard. Both the Peace Arch and the piloti of the Peace Memorial Museum open onto the north-south axis and divide the expanse from the Peace Boulevard to the Atomic Bomb Dome into 3 parts (forecourt, the Peace Square, and the area of memorial trees). The A-Bomb Dome appears as the focal point in the view along the axis. The creation of monumentality with an invisible axis not depending on massive objects in the park is esteemed as his original and excellent design. His design work continued from 1949 to 1955 when the construction had finished, and in the 1970's he proposed a new plan to solve problems which had been caused by postwar shortages in the supply of construction materials. We examined the proposals he made in each period, focusing on the treatment of the principal axis and how the park was designed to both commemorate the victims of atomic bomb and promote peace. His plan, drawn in 1949, included a detailed landscape design. The Peace Square was covered with turf and the memorial trees, planted in a grid, were pruned cypresses. The central hourglass shaped stretch was flanked by evergreen trees on the eastern and western parts of the stretch. There were also several paths lined with deciduous trees or pine trees along the river. The original plan for the Memorial Arch was cancelled and the Memorial Cenotaph designed by Tange was aligned to frame the A-Bomb Dome in 1952. The plan drawn in 1952 shows long and narrow flowerbeds on the principal axis in the northern part. Tange's original plan for a grid of memorial cypress trees was not realized when the planting was eventually carried out. In the 1960's the Peace Flame and the Peace Pond were aligned on the axis to the north of the cenotaph. In the 1970's, Tange proposed some ideas to improve the park. The primary idea was to pave the whole hourglass stretch with stones to show the atomic bombed town map as it had been at the time of the bombing. He also presented the idea to extend the Peace Pond to the river. Regarding the principal axis, we clarified that the concept of the invisible axis became obscure when the cenotaph was built. The concept in his 1970's proposal indicated that the initial idea of an invisible axis was realized in southern part of the park and on the other hand the visible axis was distinctly shown as the extended Peace Pond. Regarding the function of the park to promote peace, we clarified that the original plan called for different purposes for the northern and southern parts of the park: The northern part was to commemorate the victims whereas the southern part would promote peace, but these separated functions overlapped in an unrealized redesign proposal which would have put markers indicating property boundaries of the obliterated buildings that had previously stood in the center of the park, and also in the view from the cenotaph.