著者

木村 謙仁

出版者

一般社団法人 日本原子力学会

雑誌

日本原子力学会和文論文誌 (ISSN:13472879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.138-148, 2013 (Released:2013-05-15)

参考文献数

72

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The French history of nuclear development clearly shows the inseparability of its civilian use from military use. In France, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA) and Électricité de France (EDF) have played an important role in research and development of nuclear technology since the postwar period. At first, the two organizations had kept great autonomy, but the government reinforced its control on them because France needed nuclear deterrence against the Soviet Union. France began using plutonium in 1952, and the Suez crisis in 1956 showed the need for nuclear force to ensure its independence. After this event, France managed the first nuclear test using plutonium in 1960. As for enriched uranium, they have long had great difficulty in securing it. The uranium enrichment technology became crucial also in civilian use in this period. EDF proposed the pressurized water reactor (PWR), which requires enriched uranium, as the future reactor type because of its economic advantage, but CEA wanted to continue developing the gas-cooled reactor (GCR) because of its independence in nuclear fuel supply. Finally, they chose PWR because a French enrichment facility was built in 1967. From such French history, we can say that the civilian and military use of nuclear technology are inseparable.

著者

木村謙仁

出版者

国立国会図書館

雑誌

脱炭素社会の技術と諸課題 : 科学技術に関する調査プロジェクト報告書

巻号頁・発行日

2022-03

著者

木村 謙仁 柴田 智文 松尾 雄司 村上 朋子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本原子力学会

雑誌

日本原子力学会和文論文誌 (ISSN:13472879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.15-26, 2022 (Released:2022-02-15)

参考文献数

20

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In this study, we perform model analyses assuming the Japanese power supply portfolio in 2050 to evaluate the economic efficiency of nuclear power generation under mass introduction of variable renewable energy (VRE) ― such as solar PV and wind ― and of hydrogen power generation in 2050. As a result, this study shows that even if the unit cost of VRE falls significantly by 2050, not only existing nuclear power plants, but also new construction, will have economic efficiency. Its benefit would become much larger when 100% carbon-free generation is mandated, but in that case, the role of nuclear energy as the base load power generation would be changed. On the other hand, in the case where hydrogen power generation will be deployed, the nuclear energy would be smaller than those in other 100% carbon-free cases, but its base load operation would be maintained.

著者

木村 謙仁 木村 浩

出版者

一般社団法人 日本原子力学会

雑誌

日本原子力学会和文論文誌 (ISSN:13472879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.2, pp.42-56, 2018 (Released:2018-05-15)

参考文献数

63

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OPECST (Office parlementaire d’evaluation des choix scientifiques et technologiques) helps decision making of the French Parliament by assessing options of scientific and technological policy. In this process, OPECST holds public hearings and gathers opinions from various participants: experts, industry, citizens, and so on. It held many public hearings and assessments on nuclear energy policy in the 1990s, when French people started to demand more transparency and independence of the nuclear safety regime than before. So we can assume that OPECST helped the reform in the 1990s and in the 2000s that finally established the Law on Transparency and Security in the Nuclear Field. This research aims to precisely clarify its function through a survey of all the reports of OPECST on nuclear safety policy published in this period and of political decisions related to them. As a result, it is shown that the function of OPECST consists of three elements: it defines problems, elaborates policy recommendations from various opinions, and accumulates its survey results in the form of reports. Nowadays, the form of the discussion carried out by OPECST is changing, so we have to learn both its history and recent activities to make a policy-making system that would be suitable in Japan.

著者

木村 謙仁

出版者

Atomic Energy Society of Japan

雑誌

日本原子力学会和文論文誌 (ISSN:13472879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.138-148, 2013

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The French history of nuclear development clearly shows the inseparability of its civilian use from military use. In France, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA) and Électricité de France (EDF) have played an important role in research and development of nuclear technology since the postwar period. At first, the two organizations had kept great autonomy, but the government reinforced its control on them because France needed nuclear deterrence against the Soviet Union. France began using plutonium in 1952, and the Suez crisis in 1956 showed the need for nuclear force to ensure its independence. After this event, France managed the first nuclear test using plutonium in 1960. As for enriched uranium, they have long had great difficulty in securing it. The uranium enrichment technology became crucial also in civilian use in this period. EDF proposed the pressurized water reactor (PWR), which requires enriched uranium, as the future reactor type because of its economic advantage, but CEA wanted to continue developing the gas-cooled reactor (GCR) because of its independence in nuclear fuel supply. Finally, they chose PWR because a French enrichment facility was built in 1967. From such French history, we can say that the civilian and military use of nuclear technology are inseparable.<br>