著者

本田 登

出版者

日本ロシア文学会

雑誌

ロシア語ロシア文学研究 (ISSN:03873277)

巻号頁・発行日

no.36, 2004-09-15

著者

本田 登

出版者

ロシア・東欧学会

雑誌

ロシア・東欧研究 (ISSN:13486497)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2008, no.37, pp.82-93, 2008 (Released:2010-05-31)

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The aim of this paper is to interpret Daniil Kharms' poem “Khnyu”, by analyzing its mysterious eponymous central character. Kharms wrote four poems in which this character appears; among these works “Khnyu” is the most important. In this poem a town, which lives according to conventional logic, is seen in opposition to water. The plot is that Khnyu leaves a forest, which is filled with images of life and liquid, enters the town, and takes control of its water. If its water is controlled by Khnyu, this is a threat to the town, for water is the opposite of logic. Another feature of the poem is that a literary group called OBERIU, which Kharms once belonged to, also appears in it. This group is on the same side as Water, for its members also try to deny the accustomed rule of “reasoning about meanings” Additionally, in the poem when OBERIU has the power to transform people into trees; they lose their ability to use conventional logic and come to belong to the forest which Khnyu comes from.In creating the character Khnyu, Kharms was thinking of the ancient Egyptian God Khnum, the God of creation who can cause floods in the River Nile so as to make plants flourish. At this stage in his career, Kharms was insisting that we could grasp “things-in-themselves” by depriving them of any conventional meaning, grasping only their bare existence. From Kharms' point of view this amounted to the creation of the World. There is a similarity between this thought and the attribute of the god Khnum, and Kharms invented the character Khnyu in order to symbolize this thought in the poem. In the end, however, Khnyu could not completely deny conventional logic, but one of the other characters, her companion, supported her policy. Kharms, in writing this poem, might have been thinking about his own fate. Shortly before the poem “Khnyu” was written, OBERIU had been banned; Kharms, however, believed in himself and never gave up writing.

著者

本田 登

出版者

ロシア・東欧学会

雑誌

ロシア・東欧研究 (ISSN:13486497)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2006, no.35, pp.95-107, 2006 (Released:2010-05-31)

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The purpose of this paper is to interpret Leonid Lipavskii's “A Dialogue Poem, ” considering his view of the world.Leonid Lipavskii (1904-1941) is a soviet philosopher, who is one of the members of the group “Chinari”, which existed in 1920s' in Leningrad.The form of “A Dialogue Poem” is, as the title says, dialogical. In this poem “choir” insists that people, who have alternation of generations, must live in a daily life. But “One person” denies not only its opinion but also his own corporeity.From Lipavskii's view the world is waving liquid. If a frequency of one wave is different from that of others, then the wave is comprehended as an existence. The emotion of horror appears when the frequency of one's wave is going to synchronize with that of the world, which means a deprivation of an individual.In earlier studies it was thought that Lipavskii considered the emotion of horror as something negative and even disgusting. But in fact Lipavskii himself desires the emotion. One of the reasons is that he thinks a deprivation of an individual as “Nirvana” in Buddhism. The other is that he wants to have a view of the world itself. When one tries to know the true aspect of the world, he must feel horror. For Lipavskii the emotion of horror pays his curiosity.We can read his above-mentioned thought not only in his philosophical texts but also in the poem “A Dialogue Poem.”