著者

石田 隆太 本間 裕之 Ryuta ISHIDA Hiroyuki HOMMA

出版者

The Society for Study of Philosophy, University of Tsukuba

雑誌

筑波哲学 = Journal for the philosophical moments in Tsukuba

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.75-88, 2020-03-31

著者

石田 隆太 本間 裕之

出版者

筑波大学哲学研究会

雑誌

筑波哲学 = Journal for the philosophical moments in Tsukuba (ISSN:09162046)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.123-138, 2018

著者

本間 裕之 石田 隆太

出版者

The Society for Study of Philosophy, University of Tsukuba

雑誌

筑波哲学 = Journal for the philosophical moments in Tsukuba

巻号頁・発行日

no.27, pp.104-128, 2019-03-31

著者

本間 裕之

出版者

日本哲学会

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:03873358)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2019, no.70, pp.250-265, 2019-04-01 (Released:2019-04-18)

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Almost all interpreters agree that the formal distinction (distinctio formalis) of Duns Scotus is located between formalities/entities/realities. This concept is characterized as a “mediate distinction” between the real distinction (distinctio realis), which exists without intellect, and the distinction of reason (distinctio rationis), which is produced only by the activity of the intellect. According to Scotus, the formal distinction has both a real basis and a relationship to intellect. These characterizations do not provide a complete exposition of formal distinction; rather, they raise questions about the nature of formality: what is its ontological status, and how formal distinction relates to intellect. Major interpreters, such as Maurice Grajewski, Allan Wolter, and Michel Jordan, have not provided clear answers to these questions. The main purpose of the present article is to respond to these questions by describing the system of formal distinction in the thought of Scotus. First, we consider Scotus’s motivation to introduce this distinction by analyzing his answer to the question “Whether this proposition ‘man is animal’ is true?” His aim in this question of his Quaestiones in librum Porphyrii Isagoge, if we adopt the language of current analytical philosophy, is to put forward a truthmaker theory. And this interpretation is further elucidated in his (probably) late work, Quaestiones super libros Metaphysicorum Aristotelis. Second, depending on this understanding, we describe formal distinction using the mathematical idea of homomorphism. In Scotus’s thinking, the homomorphic map φ, which preserves the structure of propositions, can be possibly defined as follows: φ: C → M (where C is the logical or intentional domain and M is the metaphysical or existential one). We call this map φ the analytical map. This mathematical model suggests a distinct formulation of formal distinction. Let c, c1, and c2 be concepts, R1 and R2 be relations between concepts, f, f1, and f2 be formalities, and R1′ and R2′ be relations between formalities. There then exists an analytical mapping such that φ(cR1c1) = fR1 ′f1 and φ(cR2c2)= fR2′ f2; the distinction, then, between f1 and f2 is a formal distinction. This interpretation provides a foundation for Wolter’s idea that formality is an objective basis for a concept produced by intellect.

著者

本間 裕之 石田 隆太 内山 真莉子 小山田 圭一

出版者

筑波大学哲学研究会

雑誌

筑波哲学 = Journal for the philosophical moments in Tsukuba (ISSN:09162046)

巻号頁・発行日

no.25, pp.39-2017,

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※本稿は、JSPS科研費15J00085(石田)の助成を受けたものである。