著者
丸井 寧子 中山 徹 大谷 由紀子 杉山 隆一 長瀬 美子 丸山 美和子
出版者
一般社団法人 日本家政学会
雑誌
日本家政学会誌 (ISSN:09135227)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.57, no.9, pp.641-650, 2006 (Released:2007-10-12)
参考文献数
16
被引用文献数
1

It is evident that the present framework of kindergartens and nurseries are not capable of coping with the increasingly diversified needs of early childhood education and childcare facilities. Under such circumstances, there have been cases of combining kindergarten and nursery into a single facility aiming at prompting early childhood education, supporting parents in childcare, and solving various problems involving kindergartens and nurseries including helping decrease the number of those working parents in the waiting list of the nurseries of their choice. An overall pattern of how the kindergarten and the nursery are unified into one institution and how it is operated was studies. The subject of this study was those public institutions which have been established and managed at various places in this country. As a result of the unification, the stuff are positive about the advantage of diversification of functions and expansion of activities thanks to an increase of children in their facilities. The expanded facility has brought about, on the other hand, the difficulty in personnel and institution management.
著者
杉山 隆一
出版者
東京大学東洋文化研究所
雑誌
東洋文化研究所紀要 = The memoirs of Institute for Advanced Studies on Asia (ISSN:05638089)
巻号頁・発行日
no.177, pp.230-178, 2020-03-31

The mausoleum of Emām Rez̤ā ('Alī b. Mūsā al-Riḍā, the eighth Imam of Twelver Shiism, d. 818) was erected in Mashhad, which is located in the Khorasan region of Iran, after his death. It is well known that this mausoleum was endowed with many vaqf properties, and it gradually developed into a religious complex, as the veneration for seyyeds was enhanced in this region after Mongol rule and Shiization policies were implemented under the Safavids. Many scholars have studied the history of this mausoleum and its development, mainly through historical chronicles. Some such scholars have recently conducted studies of vaqf documents, royal edicts, and financial documents written in the siyāq script. While these efforts have produced many results that have clarified each of this mausoleum's departments and their roles, little is known about the overall picture of its organizational structure and staffing and its raison d'être as a sacred place.\n This study aims to elucidate the organization and administration of this mausoleum during the Afsharid period, primarily using a historical document entitled Ṭūmār-e 'Alīshāhī (Scroll of 'Alī Shāh). This scroll was compiled in 1747 by order of the second ruler of the Afshar dynasty, 'Alī Shāh, to show how the mausoleum as a religious complex had been managed before the confiscation of vaqf properties by 'Alī Shāh's predecessor Nāder Shāh, as well as to present the precise situation of the mausoleum's management at the time of its compilation. It is one of the most valuable sources of information written in the pre-modern period, and includes lists of the mausoleum complex's vaqf properties, other financial sources, its administrative staff and their salaries, information about the supplies departments in charge of daily business related to the purchase and storage of food, drugs, and candles, and other parts of the complex like the kitchen, library, and hospital, as well as management regulations.\n This study, due to its length, is divided into two parts. This paper represents the first part of the study and includes the first three chapters. The first chapter reviews the previous studies and their problems and introduces the Ṭūmār-e 'Alīshāhī and its characteristics. The second chapter considers the financial sources of the mausoleum complex, including its vaqf properties, soyūrghāl, and others, as well as the characteristics of its financial incomes. In addition, it reveals trends in the geographical distribution of vaqf properties and considers which region this mausoleum had the strongest link with to secure its sources of revenue. The third chapter examines the full picture of the administrative organization of this mausoleum by using the list of its staff, revealing that it resembled the organization of the courts of Turco-Mongolian dynasties.