著者

松平 功

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学キリスト教論集 = St. Andrew's University journal of Christian studies (ISSN:0286973X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.51, pp.3-43, 2016-02-18

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More than fifty years, Rene Girard has developed a hypothesis which is alled the mimetic theory. According to this theory, human beings imitate each other, and this tendency spreads mutually among people and leads to rivalries. This mimetic also causes mutual conflicts in a community. Since the mimetic rivalry that develops from the struggle for the possession of objects is contagious, it leads to the threat of violence. According to Girard, such conflicts are partially solved by a scapegoat mechanism, but ultimately, Christianity is the best appeasement to violene. Girard believes that the gospel texts have instead acted as a catalyst that brings about the break-down of the sacrificial order. The evangelical "good news" clearly affirms the innocence of the victim, thus becoming, by attacking ignorance, the germ of the destruction of the sacrificial order on which rests the equilibrium of societies. The Old Testament already shows several turning points, and also exposes the mythic accounts with regard to the innocence of the victims. The Hebrew people were conscious about the uniqueness of their religious tradition. The gospels fully clarify this hidden system, and unveil the Satanic order which has continued since ancient time. The gospels also describe the foundation of this order as the murder in the account of the Passion. Medieval Europe showed the face of a sacrificial society that still knew very well how to despise and ignore its victims, nonetheless the efficacy of sacrificial violence has not decreased, in the measure that ignorance has receded. Girard sees the uniqueness and of the transformations of the Western society whose destiny today is one with that of human society as a whole. The purpose of this paper is to research about the mimetic theory and the scapegoat mechanism, and to provide a deeper understanding about a relationship between those hypotheses. Through criticizing Girard's concepts, this paper will provide an accurate recognition concerning the redemption.

著者

松平 功

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学キリスト教論集 = The St. Andrew's University journal of Christian studies (ISSN:0286973X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.51, pp.3-43, 2016

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More than fifty years, Rene Girard has developed a hypothesis which is alled the mimetic theory. According to this theory, human beings imitate each other, and this tendency spreads mutually among people and leads to rivalries. This mimetic also causes mutual conflicts in a community. Since the mimetic rivalry that develops from the struggle for the possession of objects is contagious, it leads to the threat of violence. According to Girard, such conflicts are partially solved by a scapegoat mechanism, but ultimately, Christianity is the best appeasement to violene. Girard believes that the gospel texts have instead acted as a catalyst that brings about the break-down of the sacrificial order. The evangelical "good news" clearly affirms the innocence of the victim, thus becoming, by attacking ignorance, the germ of the destruction of the sacrificial order on which rests the equilibrium of societies. The Old Testament already shows several turning points, and also exposes the mythic accounts with regard to the innocence of the victims. The Hebrew people were conscious about the uniqueness of their religious tradition. The gospels fully clarify this hidden system, and unveil the Satanic order which has continued since ancient time. The gospels also describe the foundation of this order as the murder in the account of the Passion. Medieval Europe showed the face of a sacrificial society that still knew very well how to despise and ignore its victims, nonetheless the efficacy of sacrificial violence has not decreased, in the measure that ignorance has receded. Girard sees the uniqueness and of the transformations of the Western society whose destiny today is one with that of human society as a whole. The purpose of this paper is to research about the mimetic theory and the scapegoat mechanism, and to provide a deeper understanding about a relationship between those hypotheses. Through criticizing Girard's concepts, this paper will provide an accurate recognition concerning the redemption.

著者

松平 功

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学キリスト教論集 = The St. Andrew's University journal of Christian studies (ISSN:0286973X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.48, pp.17-49, 2013-03-27

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Although the environmental problem was once considered to be one of the important problems to affect the earth in the future, it has already now a critical issue for present people because of rapid environmental and ecological destruction. The most serious issue is the nuclear fuel problem, as we remember thedisaster of Chernobyl and of Three Mile Island, and the terrible accident that has been occurred at the nuclear power plant in Fukushima, Japan that was caused by tremendous earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011. People now have to ask why the gl obal destruction and the environmental crisis has developed and who is the person responsible of this critical issue. No one will be able to deny that the influence of modernization from European and American society is the major factor. If so a question will arise. As Christian countries, what kind of role has Christianity played in order to solve the environmental problems in the European and American societies? Moreover, has Christianity made an effort to perform deterrent work of environmental destruction? If so, why is the environmental issue continuing at this moment? The primary purpose of this essay will be to research the historical and ethical relationship between the factor of environmental destruction and Christianity in the West through the standpoint of Sociology of Religion. This thesis will also attempt to analyze the social structure of the West at the time of the Industrial Revolution, and to pursue people' s concepts about the environment in those days.

著者

松平 功 Isao Matsudaira 桃山学院大学チャプレン

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学キリスト教論集 (ISSN:0286973X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.46, pp.55-84[含 英語文要旨], 2011

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Japan invaded Korea and annexed it 100 years ago. Although the official policy of the Japanese government was to treat the Koreans on an equal basis with the Japanese, this ideal was not translated into action. As the conquerors, the Japanese were thoroughly convinced of their superiority over the Koreans, and applied terrible policies and behavior toward them. Before World War II, Japan faced a severe shortage of manpower, and the lack of industrial material as well. The Japanese government tried to alleviate such a manpower shortage by importing Koreans. Before the annexation of Korea in 1910, only several hundred Korean residents in Japan were reported. In 1945, the number of Koreans in Japan was determined to be as many as 2,000,000. After World War II, about 500,000 Koreans remained in Japan. At the conclusion of the U.S.-Japan Peace Treaty in San Francisco in 1952, all Koreans in Japan lost Japanese citizenship, and their suffering increased through unfair policies. For many years, the Japanese Church ignored its duty to be the liberator of suffering Koreans. As an agent of the prewar imperial government, it became an oppressor for Koreans in Japan. However, after the 1970's the Japanese Church began to cooperate with the Korean Church in Japan and seriously worked for Korean minority in Japan. The Japanese Church is working to combat not only unfair employment discrimination against Korean-Japanese but also numerous other kinds of injustice practiced by the Japanese government. This paper will attempt to clarify the relationship between minority issues in the context of the Korean-Japanese and the resistance movements conducted by the Church and people in Japan. It will also provide prospective suggestions to resolve the issue of Korean discrimination in Japan from the point of view of Christian ethics.

著者

松平 功

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学キリスト教論集 (ISSN:0286973X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.50, pp.139-173, 2015-03-23

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The problem of domestic waste in Indonesia, especially in urban areas, is the most difficult issue to solve for the urban administrative bodies. In Indonesia, in the process of economic development and urban population growth, the amount of waste is expected to increase in urban areas in the near future. Even now, the amount of waste exceeds the processing capacity of the final disposal site which is called "TPA". Because the number of population in Indonesia is still growing, the reduction of domestic waste is an urgent issue. The purpose of this paper is to report about the environmental problems, such as the issue of waste in the island of Bali. The reason why the island of Bali was chosen for this analysis is not only because the population is increasing, but also the number of foreign visitors is rapidly increasing on this tiny island. By utilizing extensive data, the core of the problem will be pointed out in this paper. Furthermore, this paper will propose some solutions for this issue.