著者

桜井 由躬雄

出版者

京都大学東南アジア研究センター

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.271-314, 1980-09

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この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。

著者

桜井 由躬雄

出版者

京都大学東南アジア研究センター

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.271-314, 1980

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この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。

著者

桜井 由躬雄

出版者

京都大学東南アジア地域研究研究所

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.271-314, 1980 (Released:2018-06-02)

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This essay describes the state of agriculture in the Red River Delta in the 11th and 12th centuries, and is the third part of a historical study of the reclamation of that delta from the first century to the nineteenth century which aims to explain the characteristics of Vietnamese socio-economic history in comparison with those of other Southeast Asian deltas.  First, an analysis of the political map of the Red River Delta during the Lý dynasty indicates that it is improper to call this dynasty a "mini centralized empire, " since it ruled only the Red River Delta proper, while most of the highland areas were controlled by semi-independent native vassals of a different culture from the Vietnamese in the delta. Even in the delta, more than eight local military powers remained from the civil war age in the late tenth century. It is thus highly improbable that the Lý dynasty weilded sufficient power to mobilize labour from all over delta area to construct hydraulic engineering works for agricultural development.  Second, the geographical bases of these local military powers can be classified as follows : (1) Quõc Oâi Châu-lower terraces  (2) Phong Châu-lower terraces and natural levees  (3) Đại Hòang Châu-lower terraces and backswamps (4) Bắc Giang-monadnock, natural levees and floodplain  (5) Đằng Châu and Khóai Châu-sandbank, natural levees and upper delta  (6) Hõng Châu-upper delta and western lower delta  (7) Nam Sách-eastern lower delta  (8) Mỹ Lộc-backswamps, coastal complex and end of natural levees  (9) the area under the direct rule of Lý dynasty-natural levees and floodplain Their distribution is shown in maps 7 and 10. Comparison of these two maps with map 11 of the previous paper [Sakurai 1980 : 619] indicates that the unification of local powers at the village level progressed to the provincial level in the 11th and 12th centuries. For example, Phong Châu province (Sơn Tây, Vĩnh Tương and Phú Thọ province) had 4 local military powers in the 10th century, while during Lý dynasty only one Phong Chau vassal occupied the same area. The west floodplain (Casier de Hadong) had been disputed by three military powers in the 10th century, while under the Lý dynasty this area was absorbed by the Lý court as a royal estate. Further, while no power was evident in the lower part of the west floodplain or in the upper delta in the 10th century, in the Lý period the former area was cultivated by the Lý court as another royal estate and the latter area was the domain of the Hõng Châu power.  Third, descriptions in Việt Sử Lược indicate the existence of man-made embankments, one in Bắc Ninh province based on the natural levees and the floodplain complex, and another in Khóai Châu and Hõng Châu based on the natural levees, the upper delta and the upper part of the lower delta. Analysis of these delta locations, however, suggests that the embankments were built to reinforce the natural levees against flood water at the outer bank of curves, and that they needed only the labour of several villages. Furthermore, a small horse-shoe embankment was apparently built in Hõng Châu provice in the upper delta and the upper part of the lower delta, where Bình Giang-type villages are located.  Fourth, these embankments would have served for tenth-month-rice cropping. In this period, most of the delta had been reclaimed by the introduction of fifth-month rice, which was harvested before the flood season, and thus agriculture in the west floodplain, the main domain of Lý dynasty, would not have required such embankments. Indeed, the chronicles give no record of embankments in that area.  Fifth, the local political powers at the edge of the Red River Delta that were based on the control of transportation routes between (View PDF for the rest of the abstract.)

著者

桜井 由躬雄

出版者

京都大学東南アジア研究センター

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.4, pp.597-632, 1980-03

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この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。

著者

石井米雄 桜井由躬雄著

出版者

講談社

巻号頁・発行日

1985