著者

水谷 剛

出版者

駒澤大学

雑誌

駒澤地理 (ISSN:0454241X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.69-86, 2002-03

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This paper was written to introduce in Japan Teleki Pal, who is little known in this country except to a small number of specialists in the history of cartography. In the first part, the author discusses the important role Teleki Pal played in the formation of modern academic Hungarian geography, focussing on his main works, including those on the history of the cartography of the Japanese archipelago, the history of geographical thought and the elaboration of the ethnographic map of Hungary. In the second part, the author focuses on the political activities of Teleki Pal, which ultimately led to his tragic end by suicide in the course of his opposition as prime minister to the pro-Nazi trends during World War II. As a geographer he attached great importance to cartography, but at the same time he was greatly preoccupied by the problem of Hungarian minorities in Transylvania, where his dukedom was located, and the territory of which passed to Rumania under the Paris Peace Treaty after World War I. Where these matters were concerned, his political geographical interests and his activities as a politician to revise Hungarian territorial problems were in a certain sense parallel. In this respect, his 1923 work "The Evolution of Hungary and Its Place in European History" is very important. The author wishes to express his appreciation to the Ministry of Education of Hungary for its grant of a scholarship and to the Department of Geography at Budapest University for its academic assistance in the work of research for this paper.

著者

水谷 剛

出版者

滋賀大学経済学部

雑誌

滋賀大学経済学部研究年報 (ISSN:13411608)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.23-40, 2013

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In discussing the issue of intergenerational equity, use of what is known as generationalaccounting, which aims to quantify the state of such equity, is expected to play a role. Forgenerational accounting to convey information on intergenerational equity in an accurate, easy-to-understand manner, one must not only pay attention to the figures but also share an understanding of the methodology, including the meaning of estimate outcomes as well as the merits and limitations of generational accounting. In this thesis, we will take an overview of the criticisms of generational accounting introduced by Laurence Kotlikoff, and look at the methodological developments in recent studies made in response to such criticisms. As for Kotlikoff's generational accounting, several criticisms have been made, including 1)past benefits and burdens for current generations are not factored in and comparison can be made only between the generation aged zero today and future generations; 2)asymmetric assumptions are made in that" only future generations will bear the burden of resolving the outstanding deficits; and 3)the net burden for future generations is shown only as an average figure for the entire future generations. Recent studies have responded to such criticisms in three lines of approaches: 1)expanding the scope to include past benefits and burdens; 2)employing the so-called sustainability gap, which looks at the present value of long-run fiscal deficits; and 3)expanding the discussion by breaking down the future generations. In addition to such methodological sophistications, researchers have made various other efforts to respond to criticisms, such as improving on the assumptions on interest rates and growth rates. As we have seen so far, a number of criticisms have been leveled at Kotlikoff's generational accounting as to his methods and assumptions, but recent studies have made various methodological advances in response to such criticisms. I believe that we can ensure the effectiveness of generational accounting in conveying information regarding intergenerational equity in an accurate, easy-to-understand manner by understanding the methods andassumptions involved in generational accounting and by appropriately selecting such methods and assumptions.