著者

池 弘子

雑誌

聖学院大学論叢 = The Journal of Seigakuin University (ISSN:09152539)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第19巻, no.第1号, pp.33-46, 2006-11

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Research has established that psychological abuse has the longest-lasting and strongest negative effect on children of any type of child abuse. There are many researchers who believe that psychological abuse is a core component of all types of child abuse. But psychological abuse has created so many difficulties and so much confusion for researchers and practitioners, and these difficulties and confusion have led to delays in protective intervention. It is pointed out that one of reasons for these difficulties and confusion lies in the absence of a unified and precise definition. This study reviews the wide range of definitions of psychological abuse and proposes an appropriate direction for defining the term. (a) Psychological abuse should be defined solely by parental behaviour having potential for harm to a child not including observable child harm. (b) Psychological abuse should be limited to nonphysical parental behaviour and nonphysical child outcomes. (c) Parental intent to harm the child is not necessary for the definition. (d) Psychological abuse should include not only repeated patterns of parental behaviour but also singular extreme incident. In addition I propose the following five subtypes of psychological abuse: spurning, terrorizing, isolating, encouraging inappropriate behavior, and denying emotional responsiveness.

著者

中山 大樹 小池 弘子

出版者

公益社団法人日本生物工学会

雑誌

醗酵工學雑誌 (ISSN:03675963)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.3, pp.157-164, 1965-03-25

被引用文献数

1

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In the Kiso district of Nagao prefecutre, there is a local pickle called sunki, a native vegetable food, prepared without brine or vinegar. The author isolated 25 strains of lactic acid bacteria from 15 specimens of sunki and five specimens of various pickles, obtained from the same distric. In this paper 19 strains of isolated rods were identified as follows : - One strain of spore bearing rod isolated from dried sunki was identified as B. coagulans Hammer. Six strains of homo-fermentative rods were identified as L. plantarum (Orla-Jensen) Holland, one strain of hetero fermentative rods was identified as L. buchneri (Henneberg) Bergey et al, and 10 strains of hetero-fermentative rods L. brevis (Orla-Jensen) Bergey et al.Among these strains two strains can be considered as new varieties, for which the authors proposed the names of L. plantarum (Orla-Jensen) Holland var. sunkorum nov. var. and L. brevis (Orla-Jensen) Bergey et al. var. otakiensis nov. var. respectively.