著者

田中 廣明

出版者

徳島大学

雑誌

言語文化研究 (ISSN:13405632)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, pp.117-135, 1997-02-20

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This paper discusses mainly the lexical items which suspend conversational implicature, such as if any, if anything, if ever and if not, and secondarily the one which blocks the emergence of conversational implicature like not...until. If any, etc. are representative of suspension of conversational implicature in a general sense, but this is in fact not the case, as is illustrated by the doubt whether the suspended meaning is really conversational in the Gricean sense. According to Horn (1972) and many others, a lower item on a semantic and pragmatic scale allows for the possibility of something stronger holding. This possibility, however, is allowable only when the suspension words are added to the quantified predicates. It is not until if any, etc. are uttered that suspension is implicated, whether conversationally or not. Second and last, not...until sometimes allows and sometimes blocks the occurrence of conversational implicature, i. e., the sense of actualization (Declerck's terminology). The sense of actualization is implied strongly at some time and weakly at another time. The degree of the implied actualization is determined by the hearer's corollary, which is not explainable only by the Gricean and neo-Gricean Quanity Maxims.