著者

福島 一人

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

情報研究 (ISSN:03893367)

巻号頁・発行日

no.47, pp.13-41, 2012-07

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the English found on signs in the Bicchuu Matsuyama, Marugame, Kouchi, and Hirosaki castle complexes containing castle keeps designated important cultural properties.According to Fukushima (2011.1) and Fukushima (2011.7) , some English expressions on signs in Japanese castle complexes containing keeps designated national treasures are different in meaning, nuance, style, etc. from those in Japanese. These differences cause especially serious problems in the case of historically famous constructions designated national treasures, considering the present time when the Japanese government stresses the importance of luring foreign tourists to Japan, and English is being used as a global language. Also they cause serious problems for foreign learners of the Japanese language、because the English signs for the same objects are thought to be parallel in meaning to the Japanese.This paper examines whether the difference in the number of signs exists or not between castle complexes designated important cultural properties and those designated national treasures. It thereafter examines whether the differences in meaning, etc. between English signs and Japanese ones for the same objects exist or not in the case of four castle complexes designated important cultural properties.It will be shown that there are fewer English signs in castle complexes containing castle keeps designated important cultural properties than in those designated national treasures. It will also be shown that there are some contradictions between the English signs and the Japanese ones.

著者

福島 一人

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

情報研究 (ISSN:03893367)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.85-120, 2014-01 (Released:2014-02-06)

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Of the English on signs found in the eight castle complexes containing castle towers [ keeps, donjons ] designated important cultural properties, the English in the Bicchuu Matsuyama, Marugame, Kouchi, Hirosaki, and Maruoka castles was examined, and was added actively if there were no English signs or explanations in Fukushima ( 2012. 7 )(2013.1). This paper will examine the English signs in the Uwajima, Iyo Matsuyama, and Matsue castles. It will also add English actively if there are no English signs or explanations. It will be shown that in the Iyo Matsuyama and Matsue castles there are more English signs and explanations than in the other six castles including the Uwajima castle mentioned in this paper, even if considering the scale of the castles concerned. This paper also follows the classifi cation of the signs in Fukushima ( 2012.7 ) ( 2013.1 ).

著者

福島 一人

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

情報研究 (ISSN:03893367)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, pp.37-47, 2013-01 (Released:2013-03-12)

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Of the English on signs found in the eight castle complexes containing castle keeps designated important cultural properties, the English in the Bicchuu Matsuyama, Marugame, Kouchi, and Hirosaki castles was examined, and added actively if there were no English signs or explanations in Fukushima (2012. 7).This paper will examine the English in the Maruoka castle. It will also add English more actively if there are no English signs or explanations.It will also be shown that in general there are fewer English signs and explanation than in the castles containing castle keeps designated national treasures. As to the classification of the English signs, that in Fukushima (2012.7) will be followed.

著者

福島 一人

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

情報研究 = Information and Communication Studies (ISSN:03893367)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, pp.381-401, 2005-07-01

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The Color Purple by Alice Walker, which was published in 1982, made her name as an American black woman writer known to the world. The characteristic feature of this novel is that it is written in the form of letters. But they are different from typical letters as we know them. This is Alice Walker's excellent, skillful literary technique for composing the novel, which was intended to cover a wide range of themes and make the whole novel realistic.This paper summarizes this literary technique, and hypothesizes about some of the reasons The Color Purple won AliceWalker's reputation as one of the most influential, modern black writers.