著者

粕谷 元

出版者

日本中東学会

雑誌

日本中東学会年報 (ISSN:09137858)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.93-116, 1994-03-31 (Released:2018-03-30)

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In this paper I have tried to analyze the arguments on the Caliphate in Turkey, during the period from the separation of the Caliphate from the Sultanate and the abolition of the latter (Nov.1, 1922) to the abolition of the Caliphate (Mar.3, 1924), and trace how layiklik developed in the Caliphal arguments. In chapter I, I have examined the idea of the so-called "spiritual" Caliphate put forth by the Birinci Grup (First Group), or the Kemalists after the abolition of the Sultanate, saying that a new Caliph, Abdulmecid should not enjoy any political power in the Turkish state and should stay as a purely spiritual dignity in the Sunni world. And I have disclosed the following points: that the idea of the "spiritual" Caliphate was a kind of laicism and a romantic (non-political) pan-Islamism, and the controversy over the "spiritual" Caliphate between the Birinci Grup and the Ikinci Grup (Second Group), or the anti-Kemalists, has become a cover for the power struggle between them. In Chapter II, I have investigated the Caliphal controversy which took place in 1923 between the supporters of Hilafet-i Islamiye ve Buyuk Millet Meclisi (The Islamic Caliphate and the Grand National Assembly), who disagreed with the idea of the "spiritual" Caliphate, and those of Hilafet ve Milli Hakimiyet (The Caliphate and National Sovereignty), who supported the idea of the "spiritual" Caliphate. I also examined Mustafa Kemal's speeches made during his political campaign in early 1923 and clarified that Kemal had expressed some views that ran contrary to the idea of the "spiritual" Caliphate-views which indirectly implied the future abolition of the Caliphate. Chapter III surveys the political situation surrounding the Caliphate during the period from Apr. 1923 to just before the abolition of the Caliphate. I have found that the combination of the Hiyanet-i Vatan Kanunu (High Treason Law) and the Istiklal Mahkemeleri (Independence Tribunals) served to make any free controversy over the Caliphate impossible. In Chapter IV, I analyzed the arguments on the abolition of the Caliphate made in the Grand National Assembly from Feb. 25,1924 to Mar. 3,1924. The ground for the arguments that justified the abolition of the Caliphate was mainly based on the idea of the Islamic state and was contradictory to the idea of the "spiritual" Caliphate. In conclusion, I have pointed out that laicism and the idea of the Islamic state had existed side by side in the arguments on the Caliphate, and that layiklik still remained immature as a systematic thought in this period.

著者

粕谷元編

出版者

東洋文庫

巻号頁・発行日

2007

著者

粕谷 元

出版者

日本大学史学会

雑誌

史叢 (ISSN:03869423)

巻号頁・発行日

no.104, pp.50-35, 2021-12