著者

菅野 博貢 根岸 尚代

出版者

公益社団法人 日本造園学会

雑誌

ランドスケープ研究 (ISSN:13408984)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.5, pp.575-578, 2020-03-31 (Released:2020-06-09)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1

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Seventy-four years after the end of World War II, nearly all traces of the War have disappeared, and few living memories remain because of the increasing age of the survivors. However, living war-damaged trees with green leaves can still be found despite their surfaces being carbonized, conveying traces of the War to the present day. We have previously determined the morphological characteristics and existing state of war-damaged trees in the Joto 3 wards in Tokyo, which was devastated by the Tokyo air raid. The present study expanded on that survey by analyzing the distribution of war-damaged trees in 23 wards in Tokyo. We found that war-damaged trees (i) were mostly concentrated around shrines or temples, with rates of 61.5%; (ii) occurred in the vicinity of burnt areas, with rates of 70%; and (iii) were intensively distributed in 5 out of 134 survey points, with rates of 46.5%. Furthermore, among 474 surveyed trees that had the morphological features of war-damaged trees, 200 were considered to have been war-damaged based on the reports of witnesses or presence of materials and a further 150 were likely to have been war-damaged based on the situation.

著者

柳原 博史 菅野 博貢

出版者

公益社団法人 日本造園学会

雑誌

ランドスケープ研究 (ISSN:13408984)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.5, pp.543-548, 2018-03-30 (Released:2018-07-17)

参考文献数

10

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This paper is to analyze the monuments of the Tokyo Air Raid (occurred on March 10, 1945, in the east side of Tokyo), which established from the end of World War II to the present day. In those 72 years, within the drastic change of Tokyo’s urban environment, as well as changes of people’s consciousness, we explore how the environment has accepted those monuments and how the monuments have transformed themselves. Through the 101 cases of monuments by field surveys, documents and interviews, we found a large number of monuments to memorize the each special victims, located in temples and public spaces, have been maintained as activities especially by the neighborhood associations who have important roles. The monuments have a potential directivity to want to be permanent, and tend to be made of permanent materials such as stone, some of which were replaced from the wood monuments. On the other hand, there are transitions due to external factors with monuments. In some cases there were relocation due to the influence of public works such as bridge reconstructions and park renovations. Until the 1960s, there were cases in which monuments were transferred from public places to other places, but since the 1980s they have been built again in public spacess including parks and roadsides, after the completions of public works.

著者

根岸 尚代 菅野 博貢

出版者

公益社団法人 日本造園学会

雑誌

ランドスケープ研究 (ISSN:13408984)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.5, pp.687-692, 2015

被引用文献数

5

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Almost seventy years have passed since the Second World War, and there are very few physical reminders of it. The people who personally remember the war are quite old now. Trees damaged during the war are historical relics, and their number and distribution are unknown because there has been little research conducted on these trees. In this study, we surveyed three wards—Taito, Sumida, and Koto—which were the main targets of the air raids on Tokyo on March 10, 1945, to establish the distribution and number of war-damaged trees as well as their present condition. We determined that 1) war-damaged trees were unevenly distributed and mainly concentrated in some public parks, temple precincts and edge of the target area of air raids; 2) there may be previously undiscovered war-damaged trees; 3) some of the trees that were earlier recognized were now gone; 4) carbonation and hollowing are the main features of war-damaged trees, with 60.2% showing carbonation and 52.6% showing hollowing; 5) the degree of these damages and vigor of the trees were not correlated in ginkgo trees; however, the other species seemed to be heavily influenced. More study of the relation between damage type and vigor is required.

著者

菅野 博貢 根岸 尚代

出版者

公益社団法人 日本造園学会

雑誌

ランドスケープ研究 (ISSN:13408984)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.5, pp.471-476, 2016

被引用文献数

4

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<p>Nearly 70 years have passed since the Second World War and very few physical reminders of it are present. The people who remember the war are now quite old. Trees damaged during the war are historical relics; however, their number and distribution are unknown because little research has been conducted on this subject. In the present study, we surveyed three wards—Taito, Sumida, and Koto, which were the main targets of air raids on Tokyo on March 10, 1945, and established the number, distribution, and present condition of the war-damaged trees. We determined the approximate number of the war-damaged trees, which was not recorded in previous studies. Then, we newly discovered 80 estimated war-damaged trees and 114 more trees for which more evidence was needed. We found that war-damaged trees were unevenly distributed and they were mainly concentrated in some public parks, temple precincts, and on the edges of air raid targets. Their distribution was particularly dense at the end of a fire spread. In summary, we conclude that we need to preserve these trees, not only individually, but as specific areas or precincts because of their historical significance.</p>

著者

柳原 博史 菅野 博貢

出版者

公益社団法人 日本造園学会

雑誌

ランドスケープ研究 (ISSN:13408984)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.5, pp.543-548, 2018

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<p>This paper is to analyze the monuments of the Tokyo Air Raid (occurred on March 10, 1945, in the east side of Tokyo), which established from the end of World War II to the present day. In those 72 years, within the drastic change of Tokyo's urban environment, as well as changes of people's consciousness, we explore how the environment has accepted those monuments and how the monuments have transformed themselves. Through the 101 cases of monuments by field surveys, documents and interviews, we found a large number of monuments to memorize the each special victims, located in temples and public spaces, have been maintained as activities especially by the neighborhood associations who have important roles. The monuments have a potential directivity to want to be permanent, and tend to be made of permanent materials such as stone, some of which were replaced from the wood monuments. On the other hand, there are transitions due to external factors with monuments. In some cases there were relocation due to the influence of public works such as bridge reconstructions and park renovations. Until the 1960s, there were cases in which monuments were transferred from public places to other places, but since the 1980s they have been built again in public spacess including parks and roadsides, after the completions of public works.</p>