著者

遠藤 智比古

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1991, no.23, pp.41-55, 1990 (Released:2010-05-07)

参考文献数

26

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Most current dictionaries say that “Kirin” is a correct Japanese translation of giraffe, which is an Arabic word meaning “fast walker.” Japanese and Chinese words usually use the same Chinese characters, but the Chinese word for giraffe is Changjinglu (長頸鹿) “long-necked deer”, whereas Kirin is a mythical animal that traditionally appeared in connection with the arrival of a saint.In the Ming dynasty, Kirin was used in the meaning of giraffe in China, some of which passages the writer found in 'The History of Ming (明史).'But as more people saw giraffes, they became more aware of the differences between Kirin and giraffe.In 1860, Gempo Mitsukuri tried translating the Latin name Camelopardalis (camel-panther) into 'Hyoda.'But in 1907 when the first giraffe was actually imported to Japan and called a Kirin by Dr. Chiyomatsu Ishikawa (first director of Ueno Zoo), “Kirin” became the official word in Japan.

著者

遠藤 智比古

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1989, no.21, pp.169-184, 1988-10-01 (Released:2010-08-10)

参考文献数

26

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The main theme of this paper is to make clear when and how the names of shichiyo were translated from European languages into Japanese.The writer examined representative Dutch-Japanese dictionaries compiled in the Edo era and important English-Japanese or Japanese-English dictionaries published in the late years of Edo era and in the early years of the Meiji era.In the oldest, extant English-Japanese dictionary ‘_??__??__??__??__??__??__??__??_’ (1811) by Shôei Motoki, we can find the names of shichiyo in the same forms as in the present use. But about 20 years before, Shôei's father Yoshinaga Motoki made an astroromical translation from Dutch, and in his book (1791-1792), we can find shichiyo such as_??__??__??_, _??__??__??_, _??__??__??_, _??__??__??_, _??__??__??_, _??__??__??_, _??__??__??_.It may be said that Yoshinaga Motoki and his son played an important role in the translation of shichiyo.In the process of his translation, he seemed to refer to Latin. How was he able to have a knowledge of Latin? In 1595, Christian missionaries made a Latin-Portuguese-Japanese dictionary in Amakusa. He could consult this dictionary.After presenting a report at the regular monthly meeting in May, 1988, the writer knew that shichiyo appeared as _??__??_, _??_, _??_, _??_, _??_, _??_, _??_ in ‘Midokampakuki’ by Michinaga Fujiwara (998). Why were they in the same order as in the present use?What is the relation between the theory of the five natural elements _??__??__??__??__??_ (i.e. wood, fire, earth, metal and water) and the naming of shichiyo?The writer hopes this paper will help scholars make further studies.

著者

遠藤 智比古

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1990, no.22, pp.119-136, 1989

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When I found that the equivalent to hippopotamus was Kawamuma (河馬) in <I>AN ENGLISH-JAPANESE DICTIONARY</I> ('薩摩辞書') in 1869, I wanted to know when and how Kawamuma changed into Kaba (河馬).<BR>In Dutch-Japanese dictionaries compiled in the Edo era, I couldn't find the entry word of 'nijlpaard' which is the Dutch equivalent to hippopotamus.<BR>A Chinese word河馬first appeared in <I>A POCKET DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH AND JAPANESE LANGUAGE</I> ('英和対訳袖珍辞書') in 1862. How was the translation of河馬made?<BR>After presenting a report at the regular monthly meeting in May, 1988, the writer found'地球説略'which was put guiding marks beside Chinese characters by Gempo Mitsukuri (箕作阮甫).In this book, hippopotamus appeared as海馬.And by comparing'海國圖志'which was put guiding marks by Gempo Mitsukuri, '海國圖志'in the original in 60 vols. and the enlarged edition of which in 100 vols., the writer deduces that Gempo Mitsukuri played an important role in the introduction of the Chinese word河馬.<BR>According to the writer's research, '改正増補英語箋'in 1872 was the oldest book in which hippopotamus appeared as河馬with small <I>kana</I> printed alongside the Chinese characters.