著者
長尾 佳代子
出版者
パーリ学仏教文化学会
雑誌
パーリ学仏教文化学 (ISSN:09148604)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, pp.61-83, 2021 (Released:2022-08-27)

The Gospel of Buddha, written and published in English by Paul Carus in 1894, was translated into Japanese by Daisetsu Suzuki the following year and was subsequently translated into various languages and read by many people. Despite this widespread interest, its content was severely criticized by Western philologists. This is because the book, which is a combination of both the Pali Canon and Mahāyāna writings, was considered inappropriate as a representation of Buddhist philosophy. Carus argued that his writings reflected the original ideas of Śākyamuni. This paper establishes that Carus was trying to show “the Religion of Science” he advocated by arbitrarily selecting Buddhist books, including translations of the Pali Canon. Next, using materials such as related works and letters, this paper shows that Carus had experience interacting with Japanese monks and preferred them to Christian clergymen because they were “not hampered by any creed.” This attitude of Carus’, who regarded Japanese Buddhism as a kind of philosophy rather than as a religion and expected it to develop into a scientific religion, was well received not only by Japanese Buddhists who were trying to establish modern Buddhism, but also by other Japanese intellectuals.
著者
長尾 佳代子
出版者
大阪体育大学
雑誌
大阪体育大学紀要 (ISSN:02891190)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, pp.265-275, 2008-03

This paper deals with Paul Carus as involved in Japanese cultural trends in the Meiji era. It shows that he left not so few tracks on the history of Japanese modernization. In addition to a few academic researches and his own works, I use here materials available at Morris Library of Southern Illinois University Carbondale.
著者
長尾 佳代子
出版者
大阪体育大学
雑誌
大阪体育大学紀要 (ISSN:02891190)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.37, pp.17-32, 2006-03

The Spider-web, the 4th story of Paul Carus' Karma, is the work that Ryunosuke Akutagawa (芥川龍之介) adapted for his Kumonoito (蜘蛛の糸). The idea of "Salvation In The Hell" as described in the 47^<th> chapter of Zeng-Yi-A-Han-Jing (増-阿含経) is not implemented there, which makes it most improbable that this famous children tale is based on the ancient Buddhist narrative pattern. Publishing Karma in Japan was accompanied by using crepe papers and adding numerous illustrations, couple of which, Carus used again in his another work. Those two illustrations made by a Japanese painter Kason Suzuki (鈴木華邨) according to Carus' requests well reveal his perception of Buddhism. In relation to the Tokyo edition of Karma, I argue about illustrations derived from typical Japanese Buddhist paintings and refer to recent research on crepe-paper books (ちりめん本). My work on these points has brought us better understanding on Carus' inside. On one hand Paul Carus expressed sympathy for Japanese culture, but at the same time he was an unbiased observer. Although he was interested in Japanese Buddhism, it didn't change his point of view that led him to create a unique book--Karma.
著者
長尾 佳代子
出版者
舞鶴工業高等専門学校
雑誌
舞鶴工業高等専門学校紀要 (ISSN:02863839)
巻号頁・発行日
no.38, pp.137-147, 2003-03

絵巻物や一般向け書物の中でさりげなく脇役を務める「倶生神」(くしょうじん)は中世以降の日本文学に登場する仏教起源の意匠である.しかし,倶生神がフダを抱えた姿は日本独特のものであり,インドや中国の仏教文化に由来するものではない.
著者
長尾 佳代子
出版者
大阪体育大学
雑誌
若手研究(B)
巻号頁・発行日
2003

2006年夏に、Southern Illinois University, Morris Libraryにおいて、Karma初版の掲載誌のバックナンバー、Open Court社が所蔵していた校正原稿、及び書簡類などの調査を行った。原稿や編集者間で交わされた書簡などの調査から、第2版単行本での文章改訂の詳細やその後の単行本出版の際の挿絵や製本、販売方法、宣伝活動などについて行った著者の指示の具体的な様子が分かった。鈴木大拙、長谷川武次郎、大原嘉吉、釈宗演らとPaul Carusが交わした大量の書簡の調査からは、東京帝国大学等の日本の教育機関や宗教界との活発な交流の詳細が判明した。また、その他の書簡類等からは、Paul Carusの出版活動における思想的な背景について、フリーメイソンとしての活動やドイツ系アメリカ人社会での活躍、物理学や数学、音楽などの多岐にわたる分野での多彩な活動の様子など、多くの情報が得られた。これらの調査結果の一部は「南イリノイ大学カーボンデイル校特別文庫注の日本資料」(『大阪体育大学紀要』vol.38,pp.61-70)として報告した。また、2007年6月3日に京都、花園大学において開かれる仏教文学会大会で「『蜘蛛の糸』原資料Karma出版の経緯---オープン・コート社寄贈南イリノイ大学モリス図書館所蔵資料について---」と題して研究発表を予定している。収集したKarma各版の整理と分析は、これらの調査結果の分析と平行して現在も進めている。