著者

小西 佐枝 青柳 憲昌

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.734, pp.1099-1107, 2017 (Released:2017-04-30)

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In the Siga prefecture, the boundaries of land lots were considered to be based on the Jo-ri grid pattern until disordered by the land consolidation after the World War 2. In previous studies, while many scholars analyzed about the Jo-ri grid pattern, Kenichi Tanaka pointed out that north-south distance of the each grid section was 110.48m and east-west distance was 109.59m in the south area of the Lake Biwa. According to research reports of excavations, Jo-ri grid patterns were rotated 33 degrees to the east from the north in Tokiwa area in Kusatsu city. In the Tokiwa area, there are historical documents such as Land Resister written in the Edo era and Topographic Maps produced in the early Meiji era. Mainly due to the measuring inaccuracies, those topographic maps have distortions, which therefore corrected in this paper by using old maps and aerial photos, creating reconstruction map of the boundaries of land lots in the early Meiji era. In the results, a large part of boundaries of land allotments formed square patterns in the outer field of 11 villages in this district but were disordered inner settlement area, riverside, and lakeside. Particularly, the roads were bent, the shapes of land were irregular inside settlements of villages. The transformation of land boundaries of the land units, Koaza, was analyzed in this paper by comparing the Tensho Land Resister written in 1591 and the Topographic Maps produced in 1873. Both of those documents contain information concerned with land ownership, names of the sections, sizes of lots, names of the landowners. However, the scale is different; 1 "ken" is converted into 6 "shaku" 3 "sun" ( 1 "tan" = 1090.9 square meters ) in the Tensho Land Resister, and 1 "ken" into 6 "shaku" in the Topographic Maps. In the Oroshimo village, it was in the settlement area of villages and its surroundings, namely farm, riverside, and lakeside, that boundaries of sections do not form in the square pattern. In the lakeside, it is said that development of new rice fields were conducted in the Edo era and village area has expanded 50,137 square meters. Also the area of settlement became approximately 4.7 times according to the comparison of two documents mentioned above. Boundaries of land sections seems not based on Jo-ri grid when new field and site were developed. In the Ashiura village, the boundaries of units were matched to the ancient Jo-ri grid when the Tensho Land Resister was written more than when the topographic map was produced in the Meiji era, especially inner part of settlement area. The size of settlement was approximately 17,560 square maters in the Tensho Land Resister, whereas 65,852 square meters in the topographic map. It is assumed that the transformations and distortions of the former grid boundaries inner villages and the surroundings were caused by enlargement of the settlement area. Historical documents indicates that area reductions or unifications of land section occurred according to the expansion of settlements.

著者

青柳 憲昌

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.654, pp.2073-2080, 2010-08-30 (Released:2010-10-08)

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The design for the reconstruction of the primitive dwellings at the remains of Toro was entrusted to Masaru Sekino who had been got involved with this nationally monumental research project from the beginning when the site was discoverd in 1943. In the process of making an “ideal” form of the dwellings, Sekino focused on giving a reasonable structural system to the image of ancient dwellings shown in archaeological relics, which was based on his architectural thought relating to the concept of design(style) and technology. In order to recreate the original design, as a consequence, original building technique, such as construction process, details of joints of structural members, and especially its structural system, was deliberately and eagerly recreated grounded on inevitably scarce academic evidences that was to be completed with his “imaginary restoration,” although adding structural reinforcement in the back or anti-deterioriation devices due to the actual demands as a contemporary construction.

著者

青柳 憲昌

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.692, pp.2199-2205, 2013-10-30 (Released:2014-07-10)

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On 5 historic reconstructions designed by Minoru Ooka, especially external appearance, such as delicate curved roof shape, was faithfully recreated based on academic investigation. The structure was basically reinforced concrete, but he attempted to keep the original proportion of wooden structural members by means of, for instance, manipulation of sectional modification of posts and beams. Among his works, Yakushiji Golden Hall (1976) is one of the most characteristic specimen that reveals his idea toward historic reconstructions. He tried to revive original architect's design concept as representation of the aesthetics of the same period, which was shown in the number of columns (6×3) on the upper floor, the gradually raised ceiling heights toward the inner sanctum, and the roof shape; high pitched gable and low pitched hip roof(shikoro-buki) that has, he thought, aesthetical importance on the ancient architecture.

著者

青柳 憲昌 藤岡 洋保

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.603, pp.191-198, 2006-05-30 (Released:2017-02-17)

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Reinterpreting initial works (8 out of 22 buildings in total) of the Horyuji Restoration Activities (1934-66) executed under Goichi Takeda's direction, this paper points out the following 3 items: 1) Takeda played an important role for drawing up the restoration guideline with field working experts and applying his (their) idea to each reconstruction. 2) In Takeda's restorations, original designs of architecture - forms and colours - were recreated by adopting revived techniques of ancient carpenters whereas posterior alterations were eliminated. 3) This restoration was criticized by various scholars of national or architectural history for not maintaining historical value or patina, which consequently modified the restoration guideline after Takeda's death.

著者

青柳 憲昌

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.654, pp.2073-2080, 2010

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The design for the reconstruction of the primitive dwellings at the remains of Toro was entrusted to Masaru Sekino who had been got involved with this nationally monumental research project from the beginning when the site was discoverd in 1943. In the process of making an &ldquo;ideal&rdquo; form of the dwellings, Sekino focused on giving a reasonable structural system to the image of ancient dwellings shown in archaeological relics, which was based on his architectural thought relating to the concept of <i>design(style)</i> and <i>technology</i>. In order to recreate the original design, as a consequence, original building technique, such as construction process, details of joints of structural members, and especially its structural system, was deliberately and eagerly recreated grounded on inevitably scarce academic evidences that was to be completed with his &ldquo;imaginary restoration,&rdquo; although adding structural reinforcement in the back or anti-deterioriation devices due to the actual demands as a contemporary construction.

著者

青柳 憲昌 岩月 典之 藤岡 洋保

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.678, pp.1997-2005, 2012-08-30 (Released:2012-10-15)

被引用文献数

1

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A five-year “National Treasure Important Art Structure Emergency Repair Project” was undertaken from 1946 in the wake of World War II but at first made little progress. It was found necessary to establish a new “National Treasure” classification in order to justify the large number of historic buildings to be included under a limited national budget. The undeniable appeal to national sentiment shown in the new definition of “National Treasure” was seemingly related to the contemporary slogan “Build the Cultural Nation.” The Council of Cultural Properties appointed by the Ministry of Education finished designating most of these structures by 1955. The revised concept comprised three overlaid values: Scarcity in terms of age or uniqueness, Representativeness of style and each period's characteristic building types, and Aesthetic Value, whether in design or construction.

著者

青柳 憲昌

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.620, pp.235-242, 2007-10-30 (Released:2017-02-25)

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Restoration policy for each project in this period was basically set up by preservationists at the Ministry of Education through historic investigation on original state of buildings. Chief preservationist at the Ministry, Ryonoshin Sakatani and his successor Minoru Ooka, tried to re-create original design as the concept of architectural preservation, restoring roof shape (often changed by posterior repairings) as a decisive aesthetical element to the overall architectural form. Their positivist academic research-not only on original buildings' form but on unexplained ancient carpenter's technique to make curved roof lines(Kikujutsu)-seemingly gave their idea a certain legitimacy. This architecture-oriented concept, opposed to historian's, was crystallized in Ooka's idea for the Horyuji Toin Denpodo restoration(1938-43) where nonetheless hostile objections its original roof was thoroughly reconstructed on account of preserving techniques of the Nara period such as the manner of projecting eave rafters(Hiendaruki).