著者

高 銀美

出版者

日本古文書学会 ; 1968-

雑誌

古文書研究 = The Japanese journal of diplomatics (ISSN:03862429)

巻号頁・発行日

no.91, pp.126-128, 2021-06

著者

高 銀美

出版者

公益財団法人 史学会

雑誌

史学雑誌 (ISSN:00182478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.121, no.1, pp.43-67, 2012-01-20 (Released:2017-12-01)

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The Mongols invaded Japan in 1274 and 1281, both times unsuccessfully. With regard to the subject of rewards distributed among warriors who fought against the invasions, the research to date has been based on analyzing documents (ateokonaijo 充行状) certifying that payments were made to individual warriors. Consequently, we generally know when a reward was given to whom; however, further study is required in order to discover out whether rewards were paid to all the warriors who fought, and if so, when the payment process was completed. This is the reason behind the possibility that the payment process may not have been completely over immediately after the invasions. This article attempts to clarify when the distribution was completed, based on the documents left by warriors who raised objections after being excluded from payment. It also traces changes that occurred in the form of the ateokonaijo that were issued after the second Mongol invasion and their significance. After the first Mongol invasion of 1274, investigations were conducted to find those warriors who showed great valor and was completed in the 12th month of the same year. The rewards granted as a result were paid no later than the 3rd month of the year after next. In the case of the second invasion of 1281, a similar investigation was carried out from 1281 to 1286, and the warriors who were acknowledged for their service received rewards over four occasions between 1286 and 1290. However, a number of warriors who were not so acknowledged filed a petition for reinvestigation, and a review was held. Consequently, the Kamakura Shogunate made a promise to provide another round of rewards to the newly acknowledged recipients. It can be confirmed that the promise was fulfilled later on. In other words, the reward process for military service in the defensive action against the Mongols was in fact completed, and the Kamakura Shogunate did not abandon its basic principle of providing compensation to its vassals who fought. In addition, on the basis of changes that took place in the form of ateokonaijo, the Mongol invasions seem to have served as an opportunity for the HOTO clan of regents who controlled the Kamakura Shogunate to strengthen its absolute authority within the institution. The fact that different forms of ateokonaijo were issued in order to distinguish vassals charged with the military policing of provinces (shugo 守護) and other vassals indicates that Shogunate vassals were beginning to be treated unequally.