- 著者
- Jamsransuren Dulamjav Yoshii Kentaro Kariwa Hiroaki Asakawa Mitsuhiko Okuda Kei Fujii Kei Fukumoto Shinya Umemiya-Shirafuji Rika Sasaki Motoki Matsumoto Kotaro Yamaguchi Emi Ogawa Haruko Imai Kunitoshi
- 出版者
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
- 雑誌
- Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research (ISSN:00471917)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.67, no.2, pp.163-172, 2019-05
The first human case of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Japan was recorded in southern Hokkaido in 1993 and was followed by four further cases in southern, central, and northern Hokkaido during 2016-2018. However, the distribution of TBE virus (TBEV) foci in Japan is unclear. Therefore, here, we serologically examined raccoons (Procyon lotor), sika deer (Cervus nippon), and wild boars (Sus scrofa) as sentinels of TBEV infection in Hokkaido and in Fukushima and Tochigi Prefectures in Honshu. A total of 1,649 serum samples collected between 2003 and 2018 were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using subviral particles and confirmed using the virus neutralization test. In raccoons, the seroprevalence of TBEV was 5.9% (39/662 samples) in central Hokkaido in 2003-2005 and 0.8% (3/368 samples) in eastern Hokkaido in 2010-2018, revealing the presence of TBEV foci in these areas. In addition, 0.5% (2/414) of deer sampled in eastern Hokkaido in 2010-2017 and 2.4% (1/42) of deer sampled in Tochigi Prefecture in 2016-2018 were seropositive. On Honshu, seropositive rodents have previously been detected only in Shimane Prefecture. Therefore, the detection of seropositive animals in Tochigi Prefecture may indicate the widespread distribution of TBEV foci throughout Japan. TBEV and viral genes were not detected in 507 ticks collected in the same area of eastern Hokkaido where seropositive animals were found, reemphasizing the value of using serological examination of wild animals as a tool for revealing unknown TBE risk areas. Our findings also indicate that raccoons may be particularly useful sentinels.
- 著者
- Kumakura Keiko Osanai Yuta Osa Yuichi Fujii Kei Asakawa Mitsuhiko Ushiyama Kii Onuma Manabu Igarashi Hirotaka Endoh Daiji
- 雑誌
- Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research (ISSN:00471917)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.66, no.4, pp.261-272, 2018-11
There are a variety of purposes for identifying the different species of wild animals and birds. It needs a method that can save cost and time for the investigation of many birds. One of which is DNA barcoding that has been used for species identification from sampled muscle, feather or feces. In this study, we developed a novel nuclear exon-primed intron-crossing (EPIC) markers to distinct local birds in Hokkaido area. In birds, the size of introns is smaller than that of mammals. Many introns are within the size range that is suitable for EPIC. To design the EPIC primers, we collated the genome sequences of chicken, turkey, zebra finch and flycatcher on which genes and exons were annotated. We tested the primers for 16 introns which could amplify the introns in 12 different species birds. On the analysis of amplified introns, the size of polymorphisms has been shown in some species of birds. While an intron in TBC1D22B gene showed an interspecies difference in the sizes of amplified introns, some of the size difference was too small for reproducible observation. Since a species could not be identified with one gene, attempts were made to identify species by combining multiple genes. Resultantly, the amplified products of 3 introns have distinguished 10 species of birds. It has been noted that the EPIC method is capable of distinguishing 10 species of local birds in Hokkaido and is therefore suggested to be utilized as a convenient means for multiple species identification.