著者

Kariwa Hiroaki Fujii Nobuhiro Takashima Ikuo

出版者

The Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research (ISSN:00471917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.3, pp.105-112, 2004-11

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products, a number of other chemical agents, and various physical conditions were evaluated for their ability to inactivate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Treatment of SARS-CoV with PVP-I products for 2 min reduced the virus infectivity from 1.17 x 10⁶ TCID₅₀/ml to below the detectable level. The efficacy of 70% ethanol was equivalent to that of PVP-I products. Fixation of SARS-CoV-infected Vero E6 cells with a fixative including formalin, glutaraldehyde, methanol, and acetone for 5 min or longer eliminated all infectivity. Heating the virus at 56℃ for 5 min dramatically reduced the infectivity of the virus from 2.6 x 10⁷ to 40 TCID₅₀/ml, whereas heating the virus for 60 min or longer eliminated all infectivity. Irration with ultraviolet light at 134μQ/cm² for 15 min reduced the infectivity from 3.8 x 10⁷ to 180 TCID₅₀/ml; however, prolonged irradiation (60 min) failed to eliminate the remaining virus, leaving 18.8 TCID₅₀/ml. We beleave that these finding will be useful for the implementation of infection control measures against SARS, and for the establishment of effective guidlines for the preventation of SARS outbreaks.

著者

Ong Siew Mei Yamamoto Hiroki Saeki Kohei Tanaka Yuiko Yoshitake Ryohei Nishimura Ryohei Nakagawa Takayuki

出版者

Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research (ISSN:00471917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.17-28, 2017-02

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Numerous topoisomerase inhibitors with proven efficacy have been used extensively to treat various human neoplasms. However, among these, only doxorubicin has been used and studied extensively in veterinary oncology. The current study was performed to evaluate the responsiveness of canine osteosarcoma (cOSA), mammary gland tumour (cMGT), and malignant melanoma (cMM) cell lines to several topoisomerase inhibitors. In addition, the correlation between the sensitivity to treatment and multi-drug resistant (MDR) factors was investigated. cOSA cell lines exhibited higher sensitivity than cMGT and cMM cell lines to all the topoisomerase inhibitors tested in vitro; this was associated with the levels of multi-drug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) gene expression in the cOSA cell lines. Treatment of cOSA (HMPOS) and cMGT cell line (CHMp) xenograft mouse models with etoposide markedly delayed tumour progression in HMPOS xenografts, but failed to elicit lasting anti-tumour effects on CHMp xenograft mice. The present findings suggest that MDR1 represents a molecular signature for prediction of treatment efficacy of topoisomerase inhibitors, especially that of etoposide, which may be a clinically useful anti-tumour agent for cOSA; however, further study is necessary to refine the treatment protocol.

著者

SUGIMURA Makoto KUDO Norio TAKAHATA Kurahiko

出版者

The Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research (ISSN:00471917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.3, pp.101-112, 1956-09-30

著者

Kubo Akira Ito Yosuke Masuko Arisa Maehara Seiya Miyasho Taku Nakade Tetsuya

出版者

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research (ISSN:00471917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.1, pp.93-102, 2019-02

著者

UESHIMA Toshihiko UESHIMA Toshihiko UESHIMA Toshihiko

出版者

The Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research (ISSN:00471917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.4, pp.155-178, 1961-12

著者

Ueno Daisaku Goto Akira Hazano Ken Haneda Shingo Matsui Motozumi

出版者

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research (ISSN:00471917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.3, pp.151-161, 2021-08

著者

SUGIMURA Makoto KUDO Norio TAKAHATA Kurahiko

出版者

The Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research (ISSN:00471917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.69-88, 1958-06-30

著者

Jamsransuren Dulamjav Yoshii Kentaro Kariwa Hiroaki Asakawa Mitsuhiko Okuda Kei Fujii Kei Fukumoto Shinya Umemiya-Shirafuji Rika Sasaki Motoki Matsumoto Kotaro Yamaguchi Emi Ogawa Haruko Imai Kunitoshi

出版者

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research (ISSN:00471917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.2, pp.163-172, 2019-05

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The first human case of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Japan was recorded in southern Hokkaido in 1993 and was followed by four further cases in southern, central, and northern Hokkaido during 2016-2018. However, the distribution of TBE virus (TBEV) foci in Japan is unclear. Therefore, here, we serologically examined raccoons (Procyon lotor), sika deer (Cervus nippon), and wild boars (Sus scrofa) as sentinels of TBEV infection in Hokkaido and in Fukushima and Tochigi Prefectures in Honshu. A total of 1,649 serum samples collected between 2003 and 2018 were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using subviral particles and confirmed using the virus neutralization test. In raccoons, the seroprevalence of TBEV was 5.9% (39/662 samples) in central Hokkaido in 2003-2005 and 0.8% (3/368 samples) in eastern Hokkaido in 2010-2018, revealing the presence of TBEV foci in these areas. In addition, 0.5% (2/414) of deer sampled in eastern Hokkaido in 2010-2017 and 2.4% (1/42) of deer sampled in Tochigi Prefecture in 2016-2018 were seropositive. On Honshu, seropositive rodents have previously been detected only in Shimane Prefecture. Therefore, the detection of seropositive animals in Tochigi Prefecture may indicate the widespread distribution of TBEV foci throughout Japan. TBEV and viral genes were not detected in 507 ticks collected in the same area of eastern Hokkaido where seropositive animals were found, reemphasizing the value of using serological examination of wild animals as a tool for revealing unknown TBE risk areas. Our findings also indicate that raccoons may be particularly useful sentinels.

著者

Mizobe Fumiaki Nomura Motoi Kato Tomohiro Katayama Yoshinari Kuwano Atsutoshi Ueno Takanori Yamada Kazutaka Spriet Mathieu

出版者

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research (ISSN:00471917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.2, pp.101-106, 2017-05

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Septic pedal osteitis refers to bacterial infection within the distal phalanx, which requires effective surgical intervention. A 3-year-old Thoroughbred colt underwent standing magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) on the 10th day after admission (day 10), which revealed hyperintensity beneath the inner hoof wall in sagittal T2*-weighted and transverse T2-weighted sequence, suggesting abscess formation. On day 25, the second sMRI indicated development of osteitis, in which the lesion extended into the distal phalanx. This lesion was imaged as hyperintensity on T1-weighted, T2*-weighted and T2-weighted images. On day 59, laminitic changes were evident on T1-weighted and T2*-weighted images. Our case report suggests that sMRI could allow better understanding of the disease process than other conventional imaging modalities, and guide early surgical intervention.

著者

SUGIMURA Makoto FURUHATA Kitao OHTAISHI Noriyuki KUDO Norio MIFUNE Yoshikatsu

出版者

北海道大学

雑誌

Japanese journal of veterinary research (ISSN:00471917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.3, pp.96-"103-14", 1965-09

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Peculiar nuclear inclusions, "nucleoloid bodies", were found in nuclei of several types of cells in mouse lymph nodes and in sheep hemal nodes. The nucleoloid bodies were morphologically independent of the nucleolus and the chromatin. They were spherical in shape, ranging from 200 to 900mμ in size, with outer and inner layers that could be differentiated. The outer layer consisted of numerous filaments arranged concentrically or spirally which encircle completely the inner layer. The filaments were helical coils, measuring 70〜80 Å in width. The diameter of the fibril coiled into the helix was approximately 20〜30 Å. The same helical fibrils were also found in the chromatins of nucleoplasm around the nucleoloid bodies. The inner layer was composed of a homogeneous substance of lower electron density and of a variable number of dense granules which were similar to ribosomes in appearance. At high magnification, however, the granules seemed to be twisted threads in which thinner fibrils were coiled. The threads were 200〜250 Å in width and the helical fibrils measured about 50 Å in diameter. The nucleoloid bodies were separated into two types. The first type was small, about 200〜300 mμ in size, and had no or a few dense granular elements in the inner layer. The second type was larger, over 400 mμ in size, whose inner layer had numerous granular elements. The nucleoloid bodies were most often observed in small lymphocytes, in particular the large bodies (second type) were almost limited to the small lymphocytes, though rarely in plasma cells as well. Even if nucleoloid bodies were found in cells other than small lymphocytes, it was rare finding and usually involved the small bodies (first type) only. The nucleoloid bodies seemed to derive from the true nucleoli and were observed in the chromosomes throughout mitosis. From the ultrastructure of the nucleoloid bodies, it was suggested that the bodies consist of a specialized nuclear protein unlike the chromosomes.

著者

Yang Jun-Li Ha Thi Kim Quy Oh Won Keun

出版者

Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research (ISSN:00471917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.1, pp.S53-S63, 2016-02

著者

Kumakura Keiko Osanai Yuta Osa Yuichi Fujii Kei Asakawa Mitsuhiko Ushiyama Kii Onuma Manabu Igarashi Hirotaka Endoh Daiji

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research (ISSN:00471917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.4, pp.261-272, 2018-11

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There are a variety of purposes for identifying the different species of wild animals and birds. It needs a method that can save cost and time for the investigation of many birds. One of which is DNA barcoding that has been used for species identification from sampled muscle, feather or feces. In this study, we developed a novel nuclear exon-primed intron-crossing (EPIC) markers to distinct local birds in Hokkaido area. In birds, the size of introns is smaller than that of mammals. Many introns are within the size range that is suitable for EPIC. To design the EPIC primers, we collated the genome sequences of chicken, turkey, zebra finch and flycatcher on which genes and exons were annotated. We tested the primers for 16 introns which could amplify the introns in 12 different species birds. On the analysis of amplified introns, the size of polymorphisms has been shown in some species of birds. While an intron in TBC1D22B gene showed an interspecies difference in the sizes of amplified introns, some of the size difference was too small for reproducible observation. Since a species could not be identified with one gene, attempts were made to identify species by combining multiple genes. Resultantly, the amplified products of 3 introns have distinguished 10 species of birds. It has been noted that the EPIC method is capable of distinguishing 10 species of local birds in Hokkaido and is therefore suggested to be utilized as a convenient means for multiple species identification.

著者

KITAGAWA Hiroshi SATOH Hiroshi KOMATSUZAKI Chiyoko MORI Fumiaki KUDO Norio

出版者

北海道大学

雑誌

Japanese journal of veterinary research (ISSN:00471917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.21-39, 1987-01-30

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Morphological investagations were carried out on basophilic intranuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in epithelial cells of the hair bulbs of anagen hair follicles in wild foxes affected with an abnormal hair coat condition. The inclusions, which were DNA-positive, contained numerous minute virus-like particles ("FMVP"). The particles, having a diameter of approximately 13 nm, had an arrangement of capsomer-like subunits of approximately 2-3 nm in diameter and were nonenveloped. The striking resemblance to icosahedral virus was crystallographically and morphologically demonstrated.

著者

Hussein Mohamed A. Ahmed Mona M. Morshedy Alaa M.

出版者

Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research (ISSN:00471917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.2, pp.S225-S231, 2016-04

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The great invasion of antibiotics in our food has become a crude problem due to the noncodified use of them in our farms for treatment of infections or as a food supplement to improve growth and animal output that inducing sever harmful health problems on human. This study aimed to evaluate the residues of three of the most commonly used antibiotics in poultry farms and effect of heat treatment on these residues. A total of 300 chicken meats, giblets and chicken meat products were examined using a microbiological method. The positive samples were subjected to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for determination of oxytetracycline, gentamicin and tilmicosin residues. The antibiotics were validated according to the guidelines laid down by the joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. The incidence of antibiotic residues by microbiological method were 22%, 32%, 54%, 24% and 6% in breast, thigh, liver, gizzard, and luncheon, respectively. The presence of oxytetracycline, gentamicin and tilmicosin residues above the maximum residue limits (MRLs) in 24, 5 and 14 samples, respectively. Although calculated estimated daily intakes (EDIs) for antibiotics presented showed lower exposure levels than the fixed values of acceptable daily intakes (ADIs), the presence of these residues even in lower ADIs on long run predisposes consumers to drug resistance and allergic reactions. Cooking methods reduce antibiotic residues in experimentally administered chicken meat with varying percentages from 35.17 to 74.27%.

著者

MAHMUT Halik GANZORIG Sumiya ONUMA Manabu MASUDA Ryuichi SUZUKI Masatsugu OHTAISHI Noriyuki

出版者

The Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research (ISSN:00471917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.3, pp.231-237, 2001-11-30

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To evaluate the genetic diversity of the Xinjiang Tarim red deer (Cervus elaphus yarkandensis) population, we analyzed the frequencies of microsatellite alleles. Samples were collected from 3 isolated populations in Xaya, Lopnur and Qarqan of Xinjiang. Although 10 microsatellite loci were examined, alleles of 133 to 190 base-pairs were detected for only 3 loci : BM5004, BM4208 and BM888. The average observed multilocus heterozygosity was 0.08±0.04 for the Xaya, 0 for the Lopnur, and 0.17±0.08 for the Qarqan population. The average heterozygosity of all populations was 0.08±0.02. The observed heterozygosities were significantly lower than the expected values. The present results suggest that the bottleneck effect has occurred in the populations of the Xinjiang Tarim red deer.

著者

Bashir Nabil H H

出版者

Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research (ISSN:00471917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.Supplement, pp.S1-S11, 2013-02

被引用文献数

4

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Plastics are a subspecies of a class of materials known as polymers. These are composed of large molecules, formed by joining many, often thousands, of smaller molecules (monomers) together. Plastics are made from low-molecular-weight monomer precursors, organic materials, which are mostly derived from petroleum, that are joined together by a process called “polymerization.” Plastics owe their name to their most important property, the ability to be shaped to almost any form to produce articles of practical value. Plastics can be stiff and hard or flexible and soft. Because of their light weight, low cost, and desirable properties, their use has rapidly increased and they have replaced other materials, e.g. metals and glass. Plastics are used in millions of items, including cars, bulletproof vests, toys, hospital equipment, and food containers. More than a 40 billion kg of plastic were produced in 2000. Their increased use has resulted in concern with (1) the consumption of natural resources such as oil, (2) the toxicity associated with their manufacture and use, and (3) the environmental impact arising from discarded plastics.

著者

Opsomer Geert

出版者

Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research (ISSN:00471917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.1, pp.S1-S14, 2015-02

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The onset of lactation in modern dairy cows is characterized by a negative energy balance, due to a drastic increase in energy requirements for milk yield and a simultaneous depression in dry matter intake around parturition. Prioritization of milk yield over maternal body functions is a universal biological strategy in all lactating mammals to buffer the newborn’s nutrition from fluctuations in the dam’s energetic status. Consequently, in case of an energy deficiency, the dam will mobilize fat and protein reserves in order to safeguard milk yield. During decades of one-sided selection for milk yield, man has exploited the cow’s potential to prioritize mammary energy supply without an equivalent progress in dry matter intake capacity. Consequently, genetic selection for milk yield has widened the gap between energy expenditure and energy intake, and has increased the cow’s inclination to respond to energy deficiencies in the transition period by aggressive body tissue breakdown. Chronically elevated concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and ketone bodies have been demonstrated to affect multiple organ systems including the immune system, the reproductive axis and the liver and are, in contrast to absolute milk yield, closely and consistently related to the final incidence of reproductive disorders.

著者

Meas Sothy Nakayama Megumi Usui Tatsufumi Nakazato Yoshikazu Yasuda Jim Ohashi Kazuhiko Omimau Misao

出版者

北海道大学

雑誌

Japanese journal of veterinary research (ISSN:00471917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.3-8, 2004-05-31

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We report herein on the first evidence for presence of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) in Zambia. Serological surveillance of BIV and bovine leukemia virus (BLV) was conducted in traditional cattle herds in Zambia. Out of a total of 262 sera analyzed, 11.4% were found positive for anti-BIV p26 antibodies as determined by Western blot analysis, while 5.0% were positive for anti-BLV gp51 antibodies as detected by immunodiffusion test. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from BIV seropositive cattle were found to have BIV-provirus DNA, as detected by nested polymerase chain reaction. A nucleotide sequence corresponding to a 298 bp fragment of BIV pol gene wea also analyzed. Amino acid sequences of these Zambian pol gene products showed 98.0 to 100% homology to the American strain BIV R29, 97.0 to 99.0% to Japanese BIV isolates, and divergence ranged from 0.0 to 2.0% among Zambian BIV isolates.

著者

Teramura Yasufumi Terao Akira Okada Yuko Tomida Junichi Okamatsu-Ogura Yuko Kimura Kazuhiro

出版者

Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research (ISSN:00471917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.3, pp.117-127, 2014-08

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The effects of three stressors of different categories, namely cold exposure, immobilization, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, on sympathetic nerve activity were examined by assessing its biochemical index norepinephrine (NE) turnover in peripheral organs of C57BL/6 mice. NE turnover was assessed by measuring the decrease in the organ NE concentration 3 h after inhibition of catecholamine biosynthesis with α-methyl-p-tyrosine. NE turnover in brown adipose tissue (BAT) in the room temperature (23°C) control group was as high as that in the cold exposure (4°C) group. Similarly, the mRNA level of the thermogenic marker uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in the room temperature control group was as high as that in the cold exposure group. As sympathetic stimulation upregulates the UCP1 mRNA level, we thought that sympathetic nerve tonus in BAT was already accelerated at room temperature. To exclude factors affecting basal sympathetic nerve activity, mice housed at thermoneutral temperature (30°C) were used as controls for the subsequent experiments. In this condition, cold exposure accelerated NE turnover in the BAT, as well as heart and pancreas. The corticosterone level showed a higher trend in the cold exposure group in comparison to the control group. Immobilization accelerated NE turnover in the spleen, pancreas, and white adipose tissue and elevated the corticosterone level. LPS (3 mg/kg, i.p.) did not affect NE turnover in all peripheral organs but elevated the corticosterone level. In summary, the sympathetic nervous and adrenocortical responses to three stressors differed greatly. In particular, sympathetic responses showed clear organ-specific acceleration patterns. This important feature may improve our understanding of the multiplicity of biological responses.

著者

TSURUGA Hifumi MANO Tsutomu YAMANAKA Masami KANAGAWA Hiroshi

出版者

北海道大学

雑誌

Japanese journal of veterinary research (ISSN:00471917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.3, pp.127-136, 1995-01-31

被引用文献数

3

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Genetic variations within and between local populations of Hokkaido brown bears, Ursus arctos yesoensis, were quantified by means of DNA fingerprinting using a minisatellite DNA probe. The estimates of the average heterozygosity (gene diversity) H were 0.302 and 0.241 for the populations on the southwestern part of the Oshima peninsula and the Shiretoko peninsula, respectively. These values suggest that local populations studied in this study have low genetic variability compared with those for other animals. The degree of genetic differentiation between the populations, measured by the coefficient of gene diversity (GST), was 7.9 percent and 19.5 percent. These results indicate a low degree of genetic differentiation between the local populations. The results obtained are discussed in relation to a population bottleneck in the ancestors and subsequent expansion of their habitat.