著者

Hirofumi Kurokawa Tomoharu Mori Fumio Ohtake

出版者

Association of Behavioral Economics and Finance

雑誌

行動経済学 (ISSN:21853568)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.53-70, 2020-10-06 (Released:2020-10-03)

参考文献数

39

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Income tax is considered equivalent to consumption tax in the public finance literature and there exits tax rates whose effective tax burdens are equivalent; 20% income tax and 25% consumption tax for example. However, it is not obvious whether people think in that way. We use a choice experiment to test the equivalence between income and consumption taxes. Subjects were asked to choose a preferred tax among 20% income tax and 25% consumption tax, 20% income tax and 22% consumption tax, and 20% income tax and 20% consumption tax under a given set of income and consumption parameters. We find that (1) when effective tax burdens are equivalent, subjects prefer income tax to consumption tax, (2) when the nominal consumption tax rate is higher than the nominal income tax rate, they prefer income tax, despite heavier tax burden, and (3) when nominal tax rates are identical, they prefer consumption tax. These findings imply that the subjects do not think theoretically equivalent taxes are equivalent because the subjects miscalculate the consumption tax burden. Moreover, our result shows that only one-third of the subjects appear to choose a tax regime based on accurately calculated tax burdens.

著者

Yoshiro Tsutsui Shoko Yamane Fumio Ohtake

出版者

Association of Behavioral Economics and Finance

雑誌

行動経済学 (ISSN:21853568)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.1-6, 2017 (Released:2017-04-21)

参考文献数

20

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Using a monthly survey, this paper finds that supporters of the governing cabinet are significantly happier than non-supporters throughout our sample period. We investigate the reason and examine two hypotheses: 1) happy persons support the ruling Liberal Democratic Party, and 2) supporters of any governing party tend to be happy. Oaxaca decomposition analysis reveals that the difference in happiness is not attributable to the difference of attributes and personalities, rejecting hypothesis 1). On the other hand, the happiness of cabinet and anti-cabinet supporters was not significantly different after an election in which the governing party was replaced, supporting hypothesis 2).

著者

SunYoun Lee Takahiro Ito Kohei Kubota Fumio Ohtake

出版者

Association of Behavioral Economics and Finance

雑誌

行動経済学 (ISSN:21853568)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.Special_issue, pp.S22-S26, 2018 (Released:2019-04-10)

参考文献数

17

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This paper estimates the effects of childhood experiences of wearing school uniforms at a public elementary school for 6 years on behavioral traits in adulthood. The school uniform experience can be endogenous if preferences and characteristics of the school and parents are involved in the decision of schools to implement school uniforms. To examine the effect of school uniforms, we exploit the exogenous variation in the expansion of the apparel industry across regions which the Japanese government used as a catalyst in stimulating the economy and the regional variations in prefectural governors’ initiatives for enhancing regional profitability, both of which are found to affect the adoption of school uniform policies. We first find that the childhood experience affects the formulation and development of an individual’s personality traits that are characterized by self-esteem and self-efficacy. Second, it increases reciprocal inclinations, inequity aversion, pro-social tendencies, and preferences for the government’s redistribution policies. We discuss the reasons behind the consequences of school uniforms on noncognitive traits and social preferences, with a focus on an individual’s perception of similarity with others formulated by the childhood experience as an important determinant that affects the behavioral traits.