著者

Haruka Wada Hiroya Kudo Hajime Sasaki Muhammad Baghdadi Ken-ichir Seino

出版者

日本炎症・再生医学会

雑誌

Inflammation and Regeneration (ISSN:18809693)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.5, pp.238-243, 2015 (Released:2015-12-15)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

3

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Recent progress of manipulating pluripotent stem cells expands possibilities of regenerative medicine and opens novel transplantation medicine. However, in many cases of these medicines, the relationship between therapeutic cells and recipients would be allogeneic. In this context, we proposed new concept of immune regulation therapy in new-age medicine using pluripotent stem cells. In our concept, not only grafts but also immune regulating cells are generated from pluripotent stem cells by exertion of its pluripotency. We have recently developed immune suppressive macrophage-like cells from pluripotent stem cells. These cells suppressed allo-antigen stimulated T cell proliferation in an iNOS dependent manner. Furthermore, these immune suppressive macrophage-like cells derived from pluripotent stem cells prolonged survival of grafts derived from same pluripotent stem cells in allogeneic recipients. Thus, series of our study proved the efficacy of our new immune regulating strategy in the age of regenerative medicine which utilize pluripotent stem cells as a therapeutic cell source.

著者

Hirokazu Ohminami Kikuko Amo Yutaka Taketani Kazusa Sato Makiko Fukaya Takashi Uebanso Hidekazu Arai Megumi Koganei Hajime Sasaki Hisami Yamanaka-Okumura Hironori Yamamoto Eiji Takeda

出版者

日本酸化ストレス学会

雑誌

Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition (ISSN:09120009)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.15-25, 2014 (Released:2014-07-01)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

1 5

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A dietary combination of sucrose and linoleic acid strongly contributes to the development of metabolic disorders in Zucker fatty rats. However, the underlying mechanisms of the metabolic disorders are poorly understood. We hypothesized that the metabolic disorders were triggered at a stage earlier than the 8 weeks we had previously reported. In this study, we investigated early molecular events induced by the sucrose and linoleic acid diet in Zucker fatty rats by comparison with other combinations of carbohydrate (sucrose or palatinose) and fat (linoleic acid or oleic acid). Skeletal muscle arachidonic acid levels were significantly increased in the sucrose and linoleic acid group compared to the other dietary groups at 4 weeks, while there were no obvious differences in the metabolic phenotype between the groups. Expression of genes related to arachidonic acid synthesis was induced in skeletal muscle but not in liver and adipose tissue in sucrose and linoleic acid group rats. In addition, the sucrose and linoleic acid group exhibited a rapid induction in endoplasmic reticulum stress and abnormal lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle. We concluded that the dietary combination of sucrose and linoleic acid primarily induces metabolic disorders in skeletal muscle through increases in arachidonic acid and endoplasmic reticulum stress, in advance of systemic metabolic disorders.

著者

Amo Kikuko Hidekazu Arai Uebanso Takashi Makiko Fukaya Megumi Koganei Hajime Sasaki Hironori Yamamoto Yutaka Taketani Eiji Takeda

出版者

日本酸化ストレス学会

雑誌

Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition (ISSN:09120009)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1, pp.1-7, 2011 (Released:2011-06-30)

参考文献数

52

被引用文献数

12 53

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Xylitol is widely used as a sweetener in foods and medications. Xylitol ingestion causes a small blood glucose rise, and it is commonly used as an alternative to high-energy supplements in diabetics. In previous studies, a xylitol metabolite, xylulose-5-phosphate, was shown to activate carbohydrate response element binding protein, and to promote lipogenic enzyme gene transcription in vitro; however, the effects of xylitol in vivo are not understood. Here we investigated the effects of dietary xylitol on lipid metabolism and visceral fat accumulation in rats fed a high-fat diet. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet containing 0 g (control), 1.0 g/100 kcal (X1) or 2.0 g/100 kcal (X2) of xylitol. After the 8-week feeding period, visceral fat mass and plasma insulin and lipid concentrations were significantly lower in xylitol-fed rats than those in high-fat diet rats. Gene expression levels of ChREBP and lipogenic enzymes were higher, whereas the expression of sterol regulatory-element binding protein 1c was lower and fatty acid oxidation-related genes were significantly higher in the liver of xylitol-fed rats as compared with high-fat diet rats. In conclusion, intake of xylitol may be beneficial in preventing the development of obesity and metabolic abnormalities in rats with diet-induced obesity.

著者

Yoshimi NIWANO Takashi ADACHI Jun KASHIMURA Takashi SAKATA Hajime SASAKI Kazunori SEKINE Satoshi YAMAMOTO Akie YONEKUBO Shuichi KIMURA

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.3, pp.201-207, 2009 (Released:2009-07-15)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

18 46

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This review assesses the feasibility of using glycemic index (GI) as a predictor of appetite, hunger and satiety by surveying published human intervention studies. We also discuss the relationship between GI and two appetite/satiety control hormones, leptin and ghrelin. Ingestion of high-GI food increased hunger and lowered satiety in short-term human intervention studies. This effect may be attributed to the rapid decline in blood glucose level following a hyperinsulinemic response caused by a sharp and transient increase in blood glucose level that occurs after the ingestion of high-GI food, which is defined as the glucostatic theory. However, appetite, hunger and satiety after the ingestion of foods with varying GI were inconsistent among long-term human intervention studies. From the few relevant long-term studies available, we selected two recent well-designed examples for analysis, but they failed to elicit clear differences in glycemic and insulinemic responses between high- and low-GI meals (consisting of a combination of different foods or key carbohydrate-rich foods incorporated into habitual diets). One of the reasons that these studies could not predict glycemic response to mixed meals is presumably that the GI of each particular food was not reflected in that of the mixed meals as a whole. Thus, it is difficult to conclude that the GI values of foods or mixed meals are a valid long-term predictor for appetite, hunger and satiety. Both insulin and insulin-mediated glucose uptake and metabolism in adipose tissue affect blood leptin concentration and its diurnal pattern. Circulating ghrelin level is suppressed by carbohydrate-rich meals, presumably via glycemia and insulinemia. Accordingly, low-GI foods may not necessarily increase satiety or suppress appetite and/or hunger because of the lack of insulin-mediated leptin stimulation and ghrelin suppression. However, insulin-mediated leptin stimulation and ghrelin suppression per se is not consistent among studies; thus we were not able to identify a clear relationship among GI, satietogenic leptin, and appetitic ghrelin.