著者

Hiroyuki NISHIMURA Nobuaki NAKAMUTA Yoshio YAMAMOTO

出版者

The Ornithological Society of Japan

雑誌

ORNITHOLOGICAL SCIENCE (ISSN:13470558)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.35-44, 2023 (Released:2023-01-26)

参考文献数

54

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In this study we investigated the eye morphology and retinal topography of two owl species in relation to their visual environment. Although Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus is larger and weighs more than Japanese Scops Owl Otus semitorques, its eye dimensions (weight, corneal diameter, and axial length) are all smaller than the scops owl's. Owl retinas were examined in Nissl-stained whole-mount preparations. The total number of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was greater in the Japanese Scops Owl (4,703.0×103 cells) than in the Short-eared Owl (2,346.8×103 cells). The eye morphology of, and the number of RGCs in the Japanese Scops Owl indicate that it is more adapted to a nocturnal habit. An area of high-density RGCs was horizontally distributed in the temporal retina of the Short-eared Owl, with a peak density of 17.4×103 cells/mm2. In the Japanese Scops Owl's temporal retina, there was an oval-shaped arrangement with a peak density of 23.1×103 cells/mm2. These distributions indicate that whereas Short-eared Owl is adapted to open habitats, Japanese Scops Owl is adapted to enclosed habitats. The RGCs of both species were classified into three categories (small, medium, and large) based on the size and appearance of somas. In both species, medium-sized cells predominated, and the proportion of large-sized cells was smallest. The distribution and high-density areas differed among these groups, suggesting adaptation to the visual environment. The high-density areas of these groups cover the nasal visual fields, which include the overlap for binocular vision.

著者

Hiroshi Matsuo Kaoru Dohi Hirofumi Machida Hideyuki Takeuchi Toshikazu Aoki Hiroyuki Nishimura Masashi Yasutomi Michiharu Senga Takehiko Ichikawa Kentaro Kakuta Yasuhide Mizutani Akiko Tanoue Naoki Isaka Kazuki Oosugi Sukenari Koyabu Masato Sakurai Yoshihisa Fukui Hitoshi Kakimoto Tadafumi Sugimoto Takahiro Ohnishi Tomohiro Murata Eiji Ishikawa Ryuji Okamoto Tomomi Yamada Toru Ogura Yuki Nishimura Takashi Tanigawa Shinsuke Nomura Masakatsu Nishikawa Masaaki Ito

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.2, pp.586-595, 2018-01-25 (Released:2018-01-25)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

29

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Background:The aim of this study was to assess the echocardiographic characteristics of chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in a multicenter prospective cohort study.Methods and Results:Three hundred and fifteen patients with ESRD (67.9±10.6 years, 47.6% male) on chronic HD for ≥1 year were examined on transthoracic echocardiography, including Doppler-derived aortic valve area (AVA) measurement. Only 11.5% and 3.4% of all patients had normal left ventricular (LV) geometry and normal LV filling pattern, respectively. The majority of patients had aortic and mitral valvular calcification, and approximately 50% of all 315 patients had aortic valve narrowing with AVA <2.0 cm2. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to AVA index tertile: group 1, highest tertile; group 2, middle tertile; and group 3, lowest tertile. Group 3 was older, had a greater cardiothoracic ratio on chest X-ray, higher plasma brain natriuretic peptide and total LV afterload, and lower stroke volume index than the other 2 groups. Age and intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) level were independently associated with low AVA index.Conclusions:Patients with ESRD on chronic HD have a high prevalence of cardiac structural and functional abnormalities including calcified aortic sclerosis. High age and PTH were associated with aortic valve narrowing in these patients.