著者

Takashi Okubo Takahiro Tsukui Hiroko Maita Shinobu Okamoto Kenshiro Oshima Takatomo Fujisawa Akihiro Saito Hiroyuki Futamata Reiko Hattori Yumi Shimomura Shin Haruta Sho Morimoto Yong Wang Yoriko Sakai Masahira Hattori Shin-ichi Aizawa Kenji V. P. Nagashima Sachiko Masuda Tsutomu Hattori Akifumi Yamashita Zhihua Bao Masahito Hayatsu Hiromi Kajiya-Kanegae Ikuo Yoshinaga Kazunori Sakamoto Koki Toyota Mitsuteru Nakao Mitsuyo Kohara Mizue Anda Rieko Niwa Park Jung-Hwan Reiko Sameshima-Saito Shin-ichi Tokuda Sumiko Yamamoto Syuji Yamamoto Tadashi Yokoyama Tomoko Akutsu Yasukazu Nakamura Yuka Nakahira-Yanaka Yuko Takada Hoshino Hideki Hirakawa Hisayuki Mitsui Kimihiro Terasawa Manabu Itakura Shusei Sato Wakako Ikeda-Ohtsubo Natsuko Sakakura Eli Kaminuma Kiwamu Minamisawa

出版者

Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology / Taiwan Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Plant Microbe Interactions / Japanese Society for Extremophiles

雑誌

Microbes and Environments (ISSN:13426311)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1203230372, (Released:2012-03-28)

参考文献数

1

被引用文献数

37 53

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Bradyrhizobium sp. S23321 is an oligotrophic bacterium isolated from paddy field soil. Although S23321 is phylogenetically close to Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110, a legume symbiont, it is unable to induce root nodules in siratro, a legume often used for testing Nod factor-dependent nodulation. The genome of S23321 is a single circular chromosome, 7,231,841 bp in length, with an average GC content of 64.3%. The genome contains 6,898 potential protein-encoding genes, one set of rRNA genes, and 45 tRNA genes. Comparison of the genome structure between S23321 and USDA110 showed strong colinearity; however, the symbiosis islands present in USDA110 were absent in S23321, whose genome lacked a chaperonin gene cluster (groELS3) for symbiosis regulation found in USDA110. A comparison of sequences around the tRNA-Val gene strongly suggested that S23321 contains an ancestral-type genome that precedes the acquisition of a symbiosis island by horizontal gene transfer. Although S23321 contains a nif (nitrogen fixation) gene cluster, the organization, homology, and phylogeny of the genes in this cluster were more similar to those of photosynthetic bradyrhizobia ORS278 and BTAi1 than to those on the symbiosis island of USDA110. In addition, we found genes encoding a complete photosynthetic system, many ABC transporters for amino acids and oligopeptides, two types (polar and lateral) of flagella, multiple respiratory chains, and a system for lignin monomer catabolism in the S23321 genome. These features suggest that S23321 is able to adapt to a wide range of environments, probably including low-nutrient conditions, with multiple survival strategies in soil and rhizosphere.

著者

Katsuhiro Kojima Tadashi Yokoyama Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu Suwat Saengkerdsub Manabu Itakura Hisayuki Mitsui Kiwamu Minamisawa Yasuhiro Arima

出版者

Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology

雑誌

土と微生物 (ISSN:09122184)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.1, pp.12-21, 2012-04-01 (Released:2017-05-31)

参考文献数

35

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Tetronic acid is a candidate for an inducer of nodulation (nod) gene expression in Mesorhizobium loti. However, there is no evidence that tetronic acid is secreted from Lotus species, the host plants of M. loti. This suggests that Lotus plants may produce other genuine nod gene inducers that differ from tetronic acid. In this study, M. loti cells harboring a nodA-lacZ fusion were enclosed in dialysis tubing and immersed in L. corniculatus culture solution. Significant β-galactosidase activities were detected in the M. loti cells, indicating that nod gene inducers were present in the seed and root exudates. β-galactosidase activities in M. loti cells were also determined after cells were exposed to seed and root exudates or tetronic acid in vitro. Seed and root exudates induced greater β-galactosidase activity in M. loti cells in 1 mM CaSO_4 solution than in YEM medium. In contrast, tetronic acid induced greater β-galactosidase activity in M. loti cells in YEM medium than in 1 mM CaSO_4 solution. Further, β-galactosidase activities induced by seed and root exudates and tetronic acid tended to decrease as the pH of the medium became neutral. In an LC-MS analysis, we could not detect tetronic acid in the concentrated seed and root exudates. These findings indicate that Lotus plants release genuine nod gene inducers for M. loti that differ from tetronic acid. Finally, seed exudates of L. corniculatus were fractionated according to molecular size and polarity, and it was clarified that a putative nod gene inducer in the seed exudates was a low molecular weight and high polarity substance.