著者

Qing-Shan GAO Mei-Fu XUAN Zhao-Bo LUO Hyo-Jin PAEK Jin-Dan KANG Xi-Jun YIN

出版者

Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science

雑誌

Experimental Animals (ISSN:13411357)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.19-0018, (Released:2019-07-15)

被引用文献数

3

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The nuclear receptor corepressor Hairless (HR) interacts with nuclear receptors and controls expression of specific target genes involved in hair morphogenesis and hair follicle cycling. Patients with HR gene mutations exhibit atrichia, and in rare cases, immunodeficiency. Pigs with HR gene mutations may provide a useful model for developing therapeutic strategies because pigs are highly similar to humans in terms of anatomy, genetics, and physiology. The present study aimed to knockout the HR gene in pigs using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated-9 system and to investigate the molecular and structural alterations in the skin and thymus. We introduced a biallelic mutation into the HR gene in porcine fetal fibroblasts and generated nine piglets via somatic cell nuclear transfer. These piglets exhibited a lack of hair on the eyelids, abnormalities in the thymus and peripheral blood, and altered expression of several signaling factors regulated by HR. Our results indicate that introduction of the biallelic mutation successfully knocked out the HR gene, resulting in several molecular and structural changes in the skin and thymus. These pigs will provide a useful model for studying human hair disorders associated with HR gene mutations and the underlying molecular mechanisms.

著者

Jun Yin S. C. Wong N. N. Sze

出版者

Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies

雑誌

Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies

巻号頁・発行日

pp.143, 2011 (Released:2011-09-30)

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The impact of vehicle emissions on the global climate has drawn increasing concern in the past few decades. Patterns of housing development determine travel behaviors, thus affecting transport-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here, we establish a bi-level model to describe the relationships among housing allocation, traffic volume, and CO2 emissions using a continuum modeling approach. The user-equilibrium condition is achieved in the lower-level, and the minimum CO2 emissions are obtained by optimization the housing allocation in the upper-level. We consider a hypothetical city with one central business district (CBD) and a road network that is densely distributed outside of the CBD. Several commuter classes with different values of time are considered. The finite element method, the Newton-Raphson algorithm, and the convex combination approach are applied to solve the constrained optimization problem established in the bi-level model. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.