著者

Jun Yin S. C. Wong N. N. Sze

出版者

Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies

雑誌

Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies

巻号頁・発行日

pp.143, 2011 (Released:2011-09-30)

---

The impact of vehicle emissions on the global climate has drawn increasing concern in the past few decades. Patterns of housing development determine travel behaviors, thus affecting transport-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here, we establish a bi-level model to describe the relationships among housing allocation, traffic volume, and CO2 emissions using a continuum modeling approach. The user-equilibrium condition is achieved in the lower-level, and the minimum CO2 emissions are obtained by optimization the housing allocation in the upper-level. We consider a hypothetical city with one central business district (CBD) and a road network that is densely distributed outside of the CBD. Several commuter classes with different values of time are considered. The finite element method, the Newton-Raphson algorithm, and the convex combination approach are applied to solve the constrained optimization problem established in the bi-level model. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.