著者

Keiko Nakazato Yuko Yoshida Ken Takemori Katsuya Kobayashi Atsuhiro Sakamoto

出版者

Biomedical Research Press

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.17-24, 2009 (Released:2009-03-06)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

10 13

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We previously showed that sevoflurane anesthesia affected the expression ratios of 177 of 10,000 genes in multiple organs of rats by microarray analyses. The maximum number of altered genes was detected in the liver, and included several genes characterized as encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs). Here, we investigated whether alterations of pharmacokinetic gene expressions after anesthesia differed between inhalation and intravenous anesthesia, and how long the alterations persisted after awakening from anesthesia. Livers were obtained from rats (n = 6 per group) anesthetized with sevoflurane, isoflurane, propofol or dexmedetomidine for 0 or 6 h, and rats awakened for 24 h after anesthesia for 6 h. The mRNA expression ratios of eight genes encoding DMEs that showed the greatest alterations in the previous study, namely Cyp7a1, Cyp2b15, Por, Nr1i2, Ces2, Ugt1a7, Abcb1a and Abcc2, were measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The expression ratios were mostly increased after 6 h of anesthesia and returned to their control levels at 24 h after awakening from anesthesia. However, the expression ratios of some genes remained elevated for 24 h after awakening from anesthesia. There were differences between inhalation and intravenous anesthesia, and interestingly, between sevoflurane and isoflurane and between propofol and dexmedetomidine.

著者

Tomoo INOUE Katsuya KOBAYASHI Hisashi FUKUZAKI

出版者

International Heart Journal Association

雑誌

Japanese Heart Journal (ISSN:00214868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.5, pp.707-714, 1985 (Released:2008-12-09)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

4 4

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Ventriculo-atrial (VA) conduction was studied in 133 patients with various kinds of arrhythmias using intracardiac electrograms and programmed stimulation. One-to-one V A conduction was observed during RV pacing at the rate just above the sinus rate in 6 of 31 patients (19.4%) with advanced AV block, in 7 of 26 patients (26.9%) with impaired AV nodal conduction, in 25 of 71 patients (35.2%) with normal AV nodal conduction and 3 of 5 patients (60%) with enhanced AV nodal conduction. However, the differences between these groups were not significant. There was no significant difference in either the AH block rate during RA pacing or the antegrade functional refractory period (FRP) of the AV node in patients with or without VA conduction, and the VA block rate during RV pacing was not significantly correlated with the AH block rate or the FRP of the AV node. VA conduction time (S-HRA) also showed no significant differences between these groups. The mean. VA conduction time during RV pacing at rates of 60 to 80 bpm was 208±87 msec, ranging from 100 to 395 msec. In conclusion, AV conduction disturbances may influence VA conduction, but VA conduction cannot be predicted from antegrade conductivity.