著者

Keiko Nakazato Yuko Yoshida Ken Takemori Katsuya Kobayashi Atsuhiro Sakamoto

出版者

Biomedical Research Press

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.17-24, 2009 (Released:2009-03-06)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

10 13

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We previously showed that sevoflurane anesthesia affected the expression ratios of 177 of 10,000 genes in multiple organs of rats by microarray analyses. The maximum number of altered genes was detected in the liver, and included several genes characterized as encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs). Here, we investigated whether alterations of pharmacokinetic gene expressions after anesthesia differed between inhalation and intravenous anesthesia, and how long the alterations persisted after awakening from anesthesia. Livers were obtained from rats (n = 6 per group) anesthetized with sevoflurane, isoflurane, propofol or dexmedetomidine for 0 or 6 h, and rats awakened for 24 h after anesthesia for 6 h. The mRNA expression ratios of eight genes encoding DMEs that showed the greatest alterations in the previous study, namely Cyp7a1, Cyp2b15, Por, Nr1i2, Ces2, Ugt1a7, Abcb1a and Abcc2, were measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The expression ratios were mostly increased after 6 h of anesthesia and returned to their control levels at 24 h after awakening from anesthesia. However, the expression ratios of some genes remained elevated for 24 h after awakening from anesthesia. There were differences between inhalation and intravenous anesthesia, and interestingly, between sevoflurane and isoflurane and between propofol and dexmedetomidine.

著者

吉田 右子 Yuko YOSHIDA

出版者

日本図書館研究会

雑誌

図書館界 = The library world (ISSN:00409669)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.3, pp.189-203, 2019-09

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本稿では公民館設置の基点に立ち戻り,公民館を発案した寺中作雄の言説を中心に,公民館構想における図書館の位置づけを検討した。占領期公民館構想においては既存の図書館との関係や公民館内の資料提供サービス機能が提示されつつも図書館界と公民館界による領域横断的な議論はなされず,両者の一体的運営に向けた方向性は示されなかった。両者の関係性は図書館と公民館での個別的連携にとどまった。個別法を持つ図書館と社会教育法に規定された公民館の制度上の複線構造により,図書館と公民館は分離して論じられ今日に至っている。

著者

Tatsuro Ishizaki Taketo Furuna Yuko Yoshida Hajime Iwasa Hiroyuki Shimada Hideyo Yoshida Shu Kumagai Takao Suzuki

出版者

日本疫学会

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.3, pp.176-183, 2011-05-05 (Released:2011-05-05)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

11 26

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Background: Few studies have examined whether declines over time in hand-grip strength (HGS) and fast walking speed (FWS) differ by sex and age among non-Western community-dwelling older adults. This study aimed to quantify changes in HGS and FWS over the 6-year period from 1994 to 2000 and examine whether these changes differed by sex and baseline age among older individuals in a Japanese community.Methods: We conducted a community-based prospective cohort study. The participants were 513 nondisabled men and women aged 67 to 91 years at the 1994 survey. Independent variables regarding time since baseline, in addition to various time-dependent and time-independent covariates, were obtained in 1994, 1996, 1998, and 2000. The outcome variables were HGS and FWS assessed at each survey. All data on independent and dependent variables that were collected at each survey were simultaneously analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model.Results: The linear mixed-effects model revealed significant declines in both HGS (−0.70 kg/year, P < 0.001) and FWS (−0.027 m/sec/year, P < 0.001) among nondisabled older participants who had analyzable data in any survey during the 6-year period. Sex was significantly associated with the rate of decline in HGS (P < 0.001), but not FWS (P = 0.211).Conclusions: In this analysis of nondisabled older Japanese, a mixed-effects model confirmed a significant effect of aging on declines in HGS and FWS and showed that men had a significantly steeper decline in HGS than did women during a 6-year period.