- 著者
- MUHAMMAD SHOAIB AKHTAR RYUICHI ASHINO HIROKI OOTA HAJIME ISHIDA YOSHIHITO NIIMURA KAZUSHIGE TOUHARA AMANDA D. MELIN SHOJI KAWAMURA
- 出版者
- The Anthropological Society of Nippon
- 雑誌
- Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.211024, (Released:2022-01-20)
- 被引用文献数
- 3
The olfactory receptor (OR) gene family is comprised of hundreds of intact and disrupted genes in humans. The compositions and copy number variation (CNV) of disrupted and intact OR genes among individuals is expected to cause variation in olfactory perception. However, little is known about OR genetic variation in many human populations. In this study, we used targeted capture enrichment and massive parallel short-read sequencing methods to examine genetic variation of OR genes, as well as of neutral genome regions as references, for 69 anonymized unrelated Japanese individuals. The capture probes were designed for 398 intact OR genes in the human reference genome hg38, and 85 neutral references. Probes were also designed for four unannotated and 99 ‘nearly-intact’ (hg38-pseudo) OR genes in hg38 and 53 chimpanzee OR genes in the Pantro3.0 genome database with no orthologs in hg38. All the hg38 OR genes and one Pantro 3.0 OR gene were retrieved. The mean sequencing depth was significantly higher than that of the 1000 Genomes Project. A total of 30 OR genes from hg38-intact and hg38-pseudo categories were newly found to be segregating pseudogenes. One hg38-pseudo OR gene was intact in all individuals. CNV was detected in 63 OR genes. Tajima’s D analysis for OR genes and neutral references was consistent with balancing selection to maintain allelic differences in intact OR genes. These results demonstrate that the targeted capture by probes with diversity-oriented design is far more effective than a whole-genome approach to retrieve OR genes and achieve high-depth sequencing and thus to reveal polymorphisms for the OR multigene family. The composition of OR genes in the human reference genome hg38 does not necessarily represent those in many humans, implying higher perceptual variation than previously thought. The current study inspires further investigation with a similar approach at a global scale.
- 著者
- Mika SHIRASU Kouki FUJIOKA Satoshi KAKISHIMA Shunji NAGAI Yasuko TOMIZAWA Hirokazu TSUKAYA Jin MURATA Yoshinobu MANOME Kazushige TOUHARA
- 出版者
- (社)日本農芸化学会
- 雑誌
- Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.74, no.12, pp.2550-2554, 2010-12-23 (Released:2010-12-23)
- 参考文献数
- 16
- 被引用文献数
- 31
The titan arum, Amorphophallus titanum, is a flowering plant with the largest inflorescence in the world. The flower emits a unique rotting animal-like odor that attracts insects for pollination. To determine the chemical identity of this characteristic odor, we performed gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry analysis of volatiles derived from the inflorescence. The main odorant causing the smell during the flower-opening phase was identified as dimethyl trisulfide, a compound with a sulfury odor that has been found to be emitted from some vegetables, microorganisms, and cancerous wounds.
- 著者
- Mika SHIRASU Shunji NAGAI Ryuichi HAYASHI Atsushi OCHIAI Kazushige TOUHARA
- 出版者
- (社)日本農芸化学会
- 雑誌
- Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.73, no.9, pp.2117-2120, 2009-09-23 (Released:2009-09-23)
- 参考文献数
- 11
- 被引用文献数
- 69
Some advanced cancer patients suffer from pungent sulfury malodor. To determine the chemical identity of the odorant, we performed gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry analysis of volatiles from fungating cancer wounds. We identified the source of the characteristic smell as dimethyl trisulfide, a compound that is known to be emitted from some vegetables and microorganisms. Controlling the production of dimethyl trisulfide should improve quality of life of patients.