著者

Yukihiro Sato Eiji Yoshioka Yasuaki Saijo Toshinobu Miyamoto Hiroshi Azuma Yusuke Tanahashi Yoshiya Ito Sumitaka Kobayashi Machiko Minatoya Yu Ait Bamai Keiko Yamazaki Sachiko Itoh Chihiro Miyashita Atsuko Ikeda-Araki Reiko Kishi The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) Group

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.6, pp.270-276, 2022-06-05 (Released:2022-06-05)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

1 3

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Background: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are a cause of inpatient and outpatient care among children. Although orofacial clefts seem to be associated with LRTIs, epidemiological studies are scarce on this topic. This study aimed to examine whether infants with orofacial clefts were associated with LRTIs.Methods: This prospective cohort study used data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, for which baseline recruitment was conducted during 2011–2014. This study included 81,535 participants. The number of infants with cleft lip and palate (CLP), cleft lip (CL), and cleft palate only (CP) was 67, 49, and 36, respectively. We defined history of LRTIs until 12 months’ age reported by their mothers as the dependent variable. Accumulated breastfeeding duration was used as a potential mediator.Results: The incidence proportion of LRTIs among the control group was 6.0%. The incidence proportion among infants with CLP, CL, and CP were 11.9%, 14.3%, and 5.6%, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, compared with the control group, infants with CLP and CL were associated with risk of LRTIs (incidence risk ratio [IRR] of CLP, 2.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30–4.36 and IRR of CL, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.40–5.33), but not ones with CP (IRR 1.08; 95% CI, 0.28–4.15). Accumulated breastfeeding duration decreased the IRR of CLP only (IRR of CLP, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.19–3.93).Conclusion: Infants with orofacial clefts aged 1 year have a potentially high incidence proportion of LRTIs. Accumulated breastfeeding duration might mediate the associations of CLP.

著者

Koichiro Suzuki Takahiro Yamada Keiko Yamazaki Masato Hirota Narumi Ishihara Mizuki Sakamoto Daisuke Takahashi Hideki Iijima Koji Hase

出版者

Japan Society for Cell Biology

雑誌

Cell Structure and Function (ISSN:03867196)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.17022, (Released:2018-01-18)

被引用文献数

9

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a refractory disease of the gastrointestinal tract that is believed to develop in genetically susceptible individuals. Glycosylation, a type of post-translational modification, is involved in the development of a wide range of diseases, including IBD, by modulating the function of various glycoproteins. To identify novel genes contributing to the development of IBD, we analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of glycosylation-related genes in IBD patients and identified MAN2A1, encoding alpha-mannosidase II (α-MII), as a candidate gene. α-MII plays a crucial, but not exclusive, role in the maturation of N-glycans. We also observed that intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), which establish the first-line barrier and regulate gut immunity, selectively expressed α-MII with minimal expression of its isozyme, alpha-mannosidase IIx (α-MIIx). This led us to hypothesize that IEC-intrinsic α-MII is implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD. To test this hypothesis, we generated IEC-specific α-MII-deficient (α-MIIΔIEC) mice. Although α-MII deficiency has been shown to have a minimal effect on N-glycan maturation in most cell types due to the compensation by α-MIIx, ablation of α-MII impaired the maturation of N-glycans in IECs. α-MIIΔIEC mice were less susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis compared with control littermates. In accordance with this, neutrophil infiltration in the colonic mucosa was attenuated in α-MIIΔIEC mice. Furthermore, gene expression levels of neutrophil-attracting chemokines were downregulated in the colonic tissue. These results suggest that IEC-intrinsic α-MII promotes intestinal inflammation by facilitating chemokine expression. We propose SNPs in MAN2A1 as a novel genetic factor for IBD. Key words: inflammatory bowel disease, alpha-mannosidase II, intestinal epithelial cell, N-glycosylation

著者

Hirofumi MARUYAMA Keiko YAMAZAKI Sayuri MUROFUSHI Chihiro KONDA Tetsuro IKEKAWA

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Journal of Pharmacobio-Dynamics (ISSN:0386846X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.118-123, 1989 (Released:2008-02-19)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

22 35

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Antitumor activity of Sarcodon aspratus (BERK.) S. ITO and Ganoderma lucidum (FR.) KARST. was investigated. Methanol and aqueous extracts of these Japanese mushrooms were tested for antitumor activity against solid type of sarcoma 180 by intraperitoneal or oral administration. The aqueous extract was remarkably effective for inhibition of tumor growth, but the methanol extract was not. The fraction of molecular weight more than 10000 had a high inhibitory activity against the tumor growth, but the fraction of molecular weight less than 10000 did not. Fractionation was carried out by using an ion-exchanger, and fraction S-4 having the highest carbohydrate content had the highest antitumor activity by intraperitoneal administration.