著者

Yukihiro Sato Eiji Yoshioka Yasuaki Saijo Toshinobu Miyamoto Hiroshi Azuma Yusuke Tanahashi Yoshiya Ito Sumitaka Kobayashi Machiko Minatoya Yu Ait Bamai Keiko Yamazaki Sachiko Itoh Chihiro Miyashita Atsuko Ikeda-Araki Reiko Kishi The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) Group

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.6, pp.270-276, 2022-06-05 (Released:2022-06-05)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

1 3

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Background: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are a cause of inpatient and outpatient care among children. Although orofacial clefts seem to be associated with LRTIs, epidemiological studies are scarce on this topic. This study aimed to examine whether infants with orofacial clefts were associated with LRTIs.Methods: This prospective cohort study used data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, for which baseline recruitment was conducted during 2011–2014. This study included 81,535 participants. The number of infants with cleft lip and palate (CLP), cleft lip (CL), and cleft palate only (CP) was 67, 49, and 36, respectively. We defined history of LRTIs until 12 months’ age reported by their mothers as the dependent variable. Accumulated breastfeeding duration was used as a potential mediator.Results: The incidence proportion of LRTIs among the control group was 6.0%. The incidence proportion among infants with CLP, CL, and CP were 11.9%, 14.3%, and 5.6%, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, compared with the control group, infants with CLP and CL were associated with risk of LRTIs (incidence risk ratio [IRR] of CLP, 2.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30–4.36 and IRR of CL, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.40–5.33), but not ones with CP (IRR 1.08; 95% CI, 0.28–4.15). Accumulated breastfeeding duration decreased the IRR of CLP only (IRR of CLP, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.19–3.93).Conclusion: Infants with orofacial clefts aged 1 year have a potentially high incidence proportion of LRTIs. Accumulated breastfeeding duration might mediate the associations of CLP.

著者

Osamu Arisaka Megumi Iijima-Nozawa Yukiko Shimada Yoshiya Ito George Imataka Junko Naganuma Go Ichikawa Satomi Koyama

出版者

獨協医学会

雑誌

Dokkyo Journal of Medical Sciences (ISSN:03855023)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.1, pp.1-7, 2021-03-25

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Human behavioral sex differences are currently understood to result from a combination of social, cultural, cognitive, and biological mechanisms. To understand how gender identity as the sexuality of the mind is formed is important for understanding psychosexual problems of children and to consider how to manage patients with disorders of sex development(DSD), in which the development of gonads and genitals is atypical and it is difficult to determine the gender of boys and girls. There is consistent evidence that early testosterone exposure influences childhood gender role behavior, as well as gender identity and sexual orientation. In this review, we summarize the most relevant studies on the biological basis of sexual development. In particular, we focus on the impact of sex hormones and genetic background on development of sexual differentiation and gender identity, with introduction of our research using figure drawings by pediatric patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, which is also a DSD.

著者

Tsuyoshi Isojima Noriko Kato Yoshiya Ito Susumu Kanzaki Mitsunori Murata

出版者

The Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology

雑誌

Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology (ISSN:09185739)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.71-76, 2016 (Released:2016-04-28)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

45 98