著者

木村 吉次 Kichiji KIMURA

雑誌

中京大学体育学論叢 = Research journal of physical education Chukyo University (ISSN:02887339)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.1-11, 1996-03-19

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of medical books found in the Library of Taiso-Denshujo (the National Normal School of Gymnastics). Those books had been relocated to the library at the University of Tsukuba. Results of this study are as follows : 1) As the conception and the method of physical education should have been introduced into Japan from America and European countries at the beginning of the modernization of Japan, the school under the direction of Leland, G. A. tried to purchase the western books of medicine as well as those of physical education. 2) Taiso-Denshujyo changed the curriculam from the education which depended much on the western books to that using Japanese translation in 1871. This change urged the library of the school to get many books of translation. 3) The medical books of Japanese translation began to increase since 1878 and it met the demand of the changing education in the school. 4) The library collected two kinds of western medical books for the student. The one was an academic type of thick book and the other was a popular type of handy book. 5) As regards the western books of medicine used for the text book or reference one, the library had the books published in 1880. It was the early period of the school that the library bought many western medical books. 6) Among the western medical books, E. A. Parkes' A Manual of Practical Hygiene had an important meaning for the making of physical education. Because the book greatly influenced upon the G. A. Leland's lectures of physical education, particularly on the effect of exercise.

著者

木村 吉次 Kichiji KIMURA

雑誌

中京大学体育学論叢 = Research journal of physical education Chukyo University (ISSN:02887339)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.1-12, 1996-10-31

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the developmental process of 'Athletic Sports' from the 1874 meeting of the Imperial Naval College to the 1883 meeting of Tokyo University. Official documents of the government in the National Archives and articles of the Japan Weekly Mail were analyzed. Results of this study were as follows : 1) It was ascertained that the Imperial Naval College held 'Athletic Sports' on April 7, 1876. 2) Although most of the events were the same as those in 1874, Japanese officials of the college also joined the committee for the meeting and Japanese Fencing was added to the program. Thus the meeting was somewhat "Japanized" this time. Moreover, it must be noted that events including casualness and uncertainty, such as a blindfold race, a flat race with a bucket of water on the head, and a flat race to pick up 20 eggs, were not adopted in 1876. 3) The same site was used for 'Athletic Sports' by foreigners' athletic organizations, i.e., the Tokyo Amateur Athletic Association in 1876 and the Tokio Athletic Club in 1877 and 1878. The Parade Ground being at the disposal of the athletic organizations by the Naval Department, the attendance of the band of the Imperial Japanese Marines, and the participation of the cadets of the Imperial Naval College suggest that there was a close relationship and that the organizations were supported by the Naval Department and the Imperial Naval College. 4) F. W. Strange who taught English at Tokyo English College, later the Preparatory Course of Tokyo University, was an active member of those organizations. He also participated in the various meetings and matches held by foreigners' sports organizations in Yokohama. With his rich experiences in administration and participation, he worked for the introduction of 'Athletic Sports' at Tokyo University. From the viewpoint of sports history he was in fact a mediator between 'Athletic Sports' of the Imperial Naval College and that of Tokyo University. 5) Before the meeting of Tokyo University, F. W. Strange published a booklet, the title of which was "OUTDOOR GAMES". It aimed to give some information on the outdoor games to Japanese students to induce them to keep their health. The program of 'Athletic Sports' was composed of the same events as those cited in the booklet except for the three-legged race. It showed the exclusion of the events including casualness and uncertainty while the later Gymnastics Exhibition included some of those events, which became indispensable items for school undokai.