- 著者
- Kohei Ikeda Hiroshi Tanimoto Yugo Kanaya Fumikazu Taketani Atsushi Matsuki
- 出版者
- 公益社団法人 日本気象学会
- 雑誌
- SOLA (ISSN:13496476)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.19, pp.239-245, 2023 (Released:2023-10-11)
- 参考文献数
- 23
We evaluated the mass concentration levels and long-term trends of black carbon (BC) in the historical and future scenario simulations using 12 climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) for East Asia, the region with the largest anthropogenic emissions. By comparing them with surface observations at two regionally representative sites, Fukue and Noto, for the period of 2009-2020, we found that the CMIP6 multi-model mean was approximately two times higher than the observed BC concentrations and did not reproduce the observed decreasing trend before 2014. Sensitivity simulations of emission inventories using a chemical transport model, GEOS-Chem, suggested that the overestimation and increasing trend of Chinese BC emissions in the CMIP6 historical inventory (CEDSv2017-05-18) were responsible for the higher concentrations and opposite trends in the CMIP6 BC simulations. The direct radiative effect of BC for CEDS was estimated to be 72% larger in East Asia than that for the ECLIPSEv6b inventory, which reproduced the observed BC concentrations reasonably well.
- 著者
- Kohei IKEDA Shoshi TERADA Toshihiko MANDAI Kazuhide UENO Kaoru DOKKO Masayoshi WATANABE
- 出版者
- 公益社団法人 電気化学会
- 雑誌
- Electrochemistry (ISSN:13443542)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.83, no.10, pp.914-917, 2015-10-05 (Released:2015-10-05)
- 参考文献数
- 22
- 被引用文献数
- 1 15
The electrochemical properties of a mechanochemically synthesized Li22Sn5 electrode in a solvate ionic liquid-based electrolyte were investigated. The electrolyte was composed of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (Li[TFSA]), tetraglyme (G4), and a hydrofluoroether solvent (HFE) in a molar ratio of 1:1:6.2, in which Li+ and G4 formed a 1:1 complex cation of [Li(G4)]+. The Li22Sn5 electrode exhibited an initial discharge capacity of 500 mA h g−1 in this electrolyte; however, the capacity decreased with increased numbers of charge-discharge cycles. This was attributed to the Li-Sn alloy’s volume change in the electrode during the electrochemical reaction. To examine the behavior of the electrode material in a lithium-sulfur battery, a full cell consisting of a Li22Sn5 anode, S cathode, and [Li(G4)][TFSA]/HFE electrolyte was fabricated. The cell was discharged and charged stably without severe side reactions. The dissolution of lithium polysulfides, reaction intermediates with the sulfur cathode, was effectively suppressed in the electrolyte, leading to efficient charge-discharge cycling of the Li22Sn5-S cell.