著者

Ryohei Kobayashi Mari Hasegawa Chiharu Kawaguchi Naoko Ishikawa Kiyotaka Tomiwa Midori Shima Keiji Nogami

出版者

The Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology

雑誌

Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology (ISSN:09185739)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.19-26, 2021 (Released:2021-01-05)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

9

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Selenium, one of the essential trace minerals, is present in vivo in form of selenoproteins. Iodothyronine deiodinase, a selenoprotein, is involved in the activation and inactivation of thyroid hormone. Therefore, patients with selenium deficiency may present changes in thyroid hormone levels due to inhibition of T4 to T3 conversion; however, this assumption is still under debate. In the present study, we retrospectively investigated the thyroid function in 22 patients with selenium deficiency. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free T4 (FT4) levels were increased in 3 (14%) and 5 (23%) patients, respectively, and free T3 (FT3) levels were decreased in 6 (27%) patients. The FT4/FT3 ratio was significantly higher in patients with selenium deficiency than that in the control group. There appeared to be a positive correlation between the decreased rate of selenium levels and FT4/FT3 ratio, thereby indicating that patients with severe selenium deficiency also exhibited abnormal thyroid hormone levels. Furthermore, when selenium was supplemented in seven patients with abnormal thyroid hormone levels, the TSH, FT4, and FT4/FT3 ratio were significantly decreased and FT3 levels were increased. Collectively, patients with selenium deficiency could present the characteristics of not only low FT3 but also high FT4 and FT4/FT3 ratio.

著者

Leiko Mizusawa Naoko Ishikawa Okihito Yano Shinji Fujii Yuji Isagi

出版者

The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics

雑誌

Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica (ISSN:13467565)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.2, pp.87-102, 2019-06-30 (Released:2019-07-10)

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Clerodendrum trichotomum s. lat., under which many infraspecific taxa have been recognized, includes both tetraploid and diploid individuals, although chromosome numbers and geographic variation in ploidy levels have not been investigated in the Japanese archipelago. The geographic distribution of ploidy levels and chloroplast haplotypes of four Japanese taxa of C. trichotomum s. lat., based on chromosome counts, flow cytometry, and genotyping of five microsatellite loci is reported. It was determined that Japanese C. trichotomum var. trichotomum and var. yakusimense are tetraploid (2n = 104), while var. esculentum and C. izuinsulare are diploid (2n = 52). The diploid taxa are distributed only on the southern edge of the Japanese archipelago, while tetraploid C. trichotomum is distributed widely. Such distribution patterns may be formed by temperate forest shrinkage during, and tetraploid expansion after, glacial periods. Thirteen haplotypes were detected, and were divided into the following three clades: (1) Japanese C. trichotomum var. trichotomum and C. izuinsulare, (2) C. trichotomum var. yakusimense and var. esculentum, and (3) Chinese C. trichotomum. Two haplotypes were shared between diploid and tetraploid lineages, suggesting multiple polyploidization events in C. trichotomum s. lat.. Inconsistency between nuclear and chloroplast phylogenetic trees suggests a past inter-lineage hybridization event in C. trichotomum s. lat.

著者

Po-Lin Chan Linh-Vi Le Naoko Ishikawa Philippa Easterbrook

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

Global Health & Medicine (ISSN:24349186)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021.01065, (Released:2021-08-13)

参考文献数

58

被引用文献数

14

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Chronic hepatitis C (HCV) infection is a major global public health threat and in 2019 there were an estimated 58 million infected globally and 290,000 deaths. Elimination of viral hepatitis B/C as a public health threat by 2030 is defined as a 90% incidence reduction and a 65% mortality reduction. The Western Pacific region is one of the most affected regions with 10 million people living with HCV, one-fifth of the global burden. We review progress towards HCV elimination in the Western Pacific region since 2015. Key developments in the region, which comprises of 37 high-and-middle-income countries, include the following: 20 countries have national hepatitis action plans, 19 have conducted recent disease burden and investment cases, 10 have scaled-up hepatitis services at primary health care level, and in 11 countries, domestic financing including social health insurance support DAA costs. We highlight six countries' experience in navigating the path towards HCV elimination: Cambodia, China, Malaysia, Mongolia, Philippines, and Viet Nam. Future initiatives to accelerate elimination are expanding access to community-based testing using HCV point-of-care tests among at-risk and general populations; adopting decentralized and integrated HCV one-stop services at harm reduction sites, detention settings and primary care; expanding treatment to include children and adolescents; address stigma and discrimination; and ensuring sustainable financing through domestic resources to scale-up testing, treatment and prevention. The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on hepatitis response across the region on community and facility-based testing, treatment initiation, monitoring and cancer screening, which is projected to delay elimination goals.