著者

Shinichi Yamashita Juntaro Koyama Takuro Goto Shinji Fujii Shigeyuki Yamada Yoshihide Kawasaki Naoki Kawamorita Koji Mitsuzuka Yoichi Arai Akihiro Ito

出版者

Tohoku University Medical Press

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.252, no.3, pp.219-224, 2020 (Released:2020-11-03)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

13

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Testicular cancer occurs in the testes of the male reproductive system and is the most common cancer in adolescent and young adult (AYA) men. However, recently, there have been more cases of testicular cancer in men older than 40 years. Therefore, trends of testicular cancer during the past 40 years were retrospectively examined, focusing on age and histology. Patients who were diagnosed with testicular cancer at our institution between 1980 and 2019 were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into groups by the year of diagnosis (1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s), age at diagnosis (14, 15 to 39, and older than 40 years), and histological type (seminoma and non-seminoma). A total of 563 patients were diagnosed with testicular cancer over the 40-year period. The median age at diagnosis increased continuously, from 28 years to 31 years, 34 years, and 38 years in each period, respectively (p < 0.001). Moreover, most testicular cancer patients were of the AYA generation, whereas the ratio of patients older than 40 years increased significantly since 2000 (p < 0.001). The relative proportion of seminoma also increased more than 50% since 2000. In the seminoma group, median age increased from 31 years to 41 years during the 40-year period (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the age at diagnosis is rising for testicular cancer patients. Clinicians should recognize that testicular cancer affects not only the AYA generation, but there has been a shift to older than 40 years, especially in seminoma.

著者

Shinji Fujii Tadashi Yamashiro Sachiko Horie Masayuki Maki

出版者

The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics

雑誌

Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica (ISSN:13467565)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.2, pp.119-127, 2019-06-30 (Released:2019-07-10)

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Recently, we found two species of Crassula newly introduced into central Japan. Based on their morphology, we identified them as Crassula peduncularis and C. saginoides, native to the New World. They closely resemble C. aquatica, which is indigenous to Japan. Here, we describe the morphological distinctions among the three species in detail. In addition, we examined genetic differences among the three species based on sequence variations in the nuclear ribosomal ITS region and three chloroplast intergenic regions. Although C. saginoides was considered to be an inland form of C. aquatica and had been treated as a synonym of C. aquatica, the degree of genetic differentiation was relatively large, suggesting that these two taxa should be considered to be independent species.

著者

Shinji Fujii Nobuhira Kurosaki

出版者

The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics

雑誌

Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica (ISSN:13467565)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.1, pp.17-27, 2023-02-28 (Released:2023-03-15)

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Carex planata has been treated as comprising three varieties: var. planata, var. angustealata, and var. remotiuscula. To evaluate this treatment, characteristics of the inflorescences, spikes, utricles, and achenes of both herbarium specimens and growing plants in the field were examined. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed two distinct groups within C. planata, one of which was identical to var. angustealata and the other to var. planata; var. remotiuscula could not be distinguished from var. planata. Variety remotiuscula was confirmed to be a synonym of var. planata. Variety angustealata of western Japan grows in flood plains along rivers. The results from PCA and information from distribution and habitat led to the conclusion that var. angustealata should be treated as a distinct species: C. angustealata, characterized by ascendant utricles and a greater number of spikes (≥ 9) on well-grown plants. Smaller achenes in proportion to the utricles also distinguish C. angustealata from C. planata. Detailed descriptions of both C. angustealata and C. planata based on the numerical survey are presented. Lectotypes of var. angustealata Akiyama and var. remotiuscula Akiyama are designated.

著者

Leiko Mizusawa Naoko Ishikawa Okihito Yano Shinji Fujii Yuji Isagi

出版者

The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics

雑誌

Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica (ISSN:13467565)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.2, pp.87-102, 2019-06-30 (Released:2019-07-10)

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Clerodendrum trichotomum s. lat., under which many infraspecific taxa have been recognized, includes both tetraploid and diploid individuals, although chromosome numbers and geographic variation in ploidy levels have not been investigated in the Japanese archipelago. The geographic distribution of ploidy levels and chloroplast haplotypes of four Japanese taxa of C. trichotomum s. lat., based on chromosome counts, flow cytometry, and genotyping of five microsatellite loci is reported. It was determined that Japanese C. trichotomum var. trichotomum and var. yakusimense are tetraploid (2n = 104), while var. esculentum and C. izuinsulare are diploid (2n = 52). The diploid taxa are distributed only on the southern edge of the Japanese archipelago, while tetraploid C. trichotomum is distributed widely. Such distribution patterns may be formed by temperate forest shrinkage during, and tetraploid expansion after, glacial periods. Thirteen haplotypes were detected, and were divided into the following three clades: (1) Japanese C. trichotomum var. trichotomum and C. izuinsulare, (2) C. trichotomum var. yakusimense and var. esculentum, and (3) Chinese C. trichotomum. Two haplotypes were shared between diploid and tetraploid lineages, suggesting multiple polyploidization events in C. trichotomum s. lat.. Inconsistency between nuclear and chloroplast phylogenetic trees suggests a past inter-lineage hybridization event in C. trichotomum s. lat.

著者

Shinji Fujii Yoshinori Tokuoka Masayuki Maki

出版者

The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics

雑誌

Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica (ISSN:13467565)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.3, pp.231-242, 2020-10-31 (Released:2020-11-29)

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Saxifraga fortunei sensu lato (Saxifragaceae) varies greatly in morphology and includes many infraspecific taxa. As many as five varieties have been recognized in western Japan, although their discrimination based on leaf size or leaf shape, such as cuneate base or degree of lobing is often difficult to determine due to continuous variation. To quantify the variation in leaf morphology, especially focusing on cuneate and parted leaves, 259 samples from 87 populations in western Japan were subject to principal component analysis. Additionally, developmental changes in plants from three selected populations were examined. The findings revealed that plants with parted leaved (var. suwoensis) were discriminated from plants with cuneate and normal leaves, while plants with cuneate leaves (var. obtusocuneata) were within the range of variation of var. fortunei. Leaf shape changes from cuneate to truncate or cordate during the transition from a vegetative state to the flowering state. Cuneate forms usually occurred in sterile plants, but also on flowering plants even within a population. This characteristic was less useful for recognizing var. obtusocuneata. Populations with parted (long lobed) leaves as well as those with cuneate leaves usually grow along streams, confirming that phenotypes are the result of adaptive differentiation toward becoming facultative rheophytes, as previously suggested.

著者

Shinji Fujii

出版者

The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics

雑誌

Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica (ISSN:13467565)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.2, pp.123-126, 2016-06-30 (Released:2016-12-20)

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Cyperus pacificus (Ohwi) Ohwi var. margoinflatus S. Fujii, a new variety of C. pacificus (Cyperaceae) is described. It closely resembles C. pacificus var. pacificus in the oblong-ellipsoid achenes with winged margins, but the margins are well inflated with spongy parenchyma. It usually occurs in the dried bottoms of irrigation ponds, and often intermixed with other species of Cyperaceae such as C. extremiorientalis Ohwi, C. nipponicus Franch. et Sav. var. nipponicus and var. spiralis Ohwi, Fimbristylis dipsacea (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke, and F. squarrosa Vahl var. esquarrosa Makino. A key to the new variety and closely related taxa is also provided.