- 著者
- Naoya WADA Tomoaki KUMEDA Masashi NAKAMURA Nagahiro HOSHI
- 出版者
- The Electrochemical Society of Japan
- 雑誌
- Electrochemistry (ISSN:13443542)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.20-00043, (Released:2020-06-16)
- 参考文献数
- 27
- 被引用文献数
- 1
Previous study shows that tetra-n-hexylammonium cation (THA+), which is composed of one nitrogen atom and four alkyl chains, increases the activity of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on Pt(111) eight times as high as that of bare Pt(111). We have studied the ORR on Pt single crystal electrodes modified with alkane to elucidate which part of THA+ contributes to the enhancement of the activity for the ORR. The ORR activity is increased only twice by the modification of Pt(111) with dodecane and hexadecane. Combination of a nitrogen atom and alkyl chains of THA+ plays an important role in enhancing the ORR on Pt electrodes. Dodecane and hexadecane increases the ORR activity on Pt(111) and Pt(110), but they deactivate the ORR on Pt(100) and the high index planes.
- 著者
- Yuto Tashiro Yuichi Nishida Ayaka Yamaoka Yusuke Suzuki Takayoshi Horii Hiroaki Arai Yutaka Yamaguchi Naoya Wada Isao Yokota Tomoki Aoyama
- 出版者
- Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists
- 雑誌
- Asian Journal of Occupational Therapy (ISSN:13473476)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.16, no.1, pp.87-93, 2020 (Released:2020-12-15)
- 参考文献数
- 31
Objectives: There are only a few functional evaluations that non-medical personnel can perform and interpret without guidance. Here, we have created a questionnaire that focused on eating activities, which can be used to evaluate motor function easily because most people could relate to eating activities. This study aimed to verify the reliability and validity of the developed questionnaire by comparing it with clinical evaluations for upper extremity function.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Patients who have cerebrovascular disease history with disabilities in the upper limb were included in the study. The questionnaire on eating activities was answered by the patients themselves. Upper extremity function was evaluated with the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA). Work efficiency was evaluated with the General Aptitude Test Battery. Reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by test-retest reliability. Validity was evaluated using a correlation analysis.Results: The study included 16 participants. The results indicated that all items had sufficient reliability. The correlation between the questionnaire score of the hand and the FMA score of the wrist, hand, and arm was statistically significant.Conclusions: The developed questionnaire was reliable and significantly related to clinical evaluation of upper extremity functions. This questionnaire is of great value to patients with stroke to understand their functions.