著者

Venthan J. MAILOO

出版者

Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists

雑誌

Asian Journal of Occupational Therapy (ISSN:13473476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.1, pp.1-13, 2007 (Released:2007-12-07)

参考文献数

63

被引用文献数

4 5

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Ayurveda is an Eastern system of medicine that has been practised for over 5000 years. The relationship between occupations and health is a fundamental aspect of the ayurvedic health model. It could contribute a strong spiritual element to modern occupational therapy practice and may be more culturally appropriate for people with strong Hindu/Buddhist beliefs than modern occupational therapy models. The aim of this paper is therefore to introduce the ayurvedic model to occupational therapists that are unfamiliar with it. It describes assumptions underlying the ayurvedic model and related frames of reference that are relevant to occupational therapy. Yoga is the main occupational therapy intervention advocated by the model. The branches of yoga are described. Other traditional interventions are summarised but not described in detail. Sanskrit terminology has mostly been removed and concepts have been simplified for the ease of a general readership.

著者

Sho Maruyama Satoshi Sasada Yohei Jinbo Peter Bontje

出版者

Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists

雑誌

Asian Journal of Occupational Therapy (ISSN:13473476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.17-25, 2021 (Released:2021-03-18)

参考文献数

25

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Introduction: Acquiring competence in clinical reasoning is regarded as key to meet the challenges of integrating knowledge into one's practice. Learners and educators need a shared understanding of what is clinical reasoning because they need appropriate means for reflection and feedback. However, the clinical reasoning concept needs revisiting in the current context, which is becoming increasingly diverse and complex. The purpose of this study was to analyse the clinical reasoning concept and develop a common framework.Methods: Rodgers' concept analysis was selected for this theoretical study. Accordingly, a systematically search of multiple databases yielded 903 articles and 135 articles that met the inclusion criteria were extracted, and of these 30 articles randomly sampled for analysis. Data analysis was done following Rodgers' method of thematic analysis. Results: The attributes were four ‘therapeutic thinking processes’ and two ‘professional thinking skills.’ The application contexts were ‘clinical and non-clinical practice settings,’ and ‘professional education.’ Moreover, the antecedents were ‘professional factors’ and ‘practice factors,’ and the consequences were ‘professional developments’ and ‘professional attitudes and behaviours.’ Conclusion: The resulting framework of clinical reasoning can be the basis for developing pedagogies and assessment of clinical reasoning competence acquisition.

著者

Sho Maruyama Satoshi Sasada Yohei Jinbo Peter Bontje

出版者

Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists

雑誌

Asian Journal of Occupational Therapy (ISSN:13473476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.119-127, 2020 (Released:2021-01-13)

参考文献数

25

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Introduction: Acquiring competence in clinical reasoning is regarded as key to meet the challenges of integrating knowledge into one's practice. Learners and educators need a shared understanding of what is clinical reasoning because they need appropriate means for reflection and feedback. However, the clinical reasoning concept needs revisiting in the current context, which is becoming increasingly diverse and complex. The purpose of this study was to analyse the clinical reasoning concept and develop a common framework.Methods: Rodgers' concept analysis was selected for this theoretical study. Accordingly, a systematically search of multiple databases yielded 903 articles and 135 articles that met the inclusion criteria were extracted, and of these 30 articles randomly sampled for analysis. Data analysis was done following Rodgers' method of thematic analysis. Results: The attributes were four ‘therapeutic thinking processes’ and two ‘professional thinking skills.’ The application contexts were ‘clinical and non-clinical practice settings,’ and ‘professional education.’ Moreover, the antecedents were ‘professional factors’ and ‘practice factors,’ and the consequences were ‘professional developments’ and ‘professional attitudes and behaviours.’ Conclusion: The resulting framework of clinical reasoning can be the basis for developing pedagogies and assessment of clinical reasoning competence acquisition.

著者

Mai Sakimoto Takayuki Kawaguchi Aki Watanabe

出版者

Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists

雑誌

Asian Journal of Occupational Therapy (ISSN:13473476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.93-96, 2019 (Released:2019-12-17)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1

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Introduction: Few reports describe interventions combining the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) although both are important in enabling occupation for a client with depression. We outline the therapy process conducted by an occupational therapist combining the COPM with CBT to enable occupation for a client with depression. Methods: A single-system research design was implemented. The intervention was based on behavioral activation, and the cognitive restructuring was divided into three phases: baseline (Phase I), intervention 1 (Phase II), and intervention 2 (Phase III). Baseline consisted of behavioral activation only. In intervention 1, the COPM was used in addition to the baseline action. In intervention 2, cognitive restructuring was conducted in addition to intervention 1. Results: There was no significant difference in the client's frequency per week of going out in Phase II compared with Phase I (p = 0.062), but the rate increased significantly in Phase III compared with Phase II by binomial test (p = 0.002). As assessed by the COPM, the performance and satisfaction scores for going out were 4 and 3 at the 5th week, but they improved to 7 and 6 at the 17th week. Conclusion: Combining the COPM with CBT significantly increased the frequency of going out that a client with depression hoped to attain. The present intervention might facilitate enabling occupation for clients with depression. Our findings suggested that in clients with depressive symptoms, enabling occupation is possible by combining the COPM with CBT.

著者

Masahiro Tanaka

出版者

Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists

雑誌

Asian Journal of Occupational Therapy (ISSN:13473476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.27-30, 2021 (Released:2021-04-09)

参考文献数

10

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Visual agnosia is a rare symptom in which the patient cannot recognize objects by visual perception. We report a case of integrative visual agnosia and memory disorder. A 70-year-old, right-handed man was diagnosed with cardioembolic stroke affecting the proximal left posterior cerebral artery. He had a short-term memory disorder. He could not name and explain how to use objects, or read characters, but could discriminate between objects to some extent and draw copies of simple figures. His recognition by tactile sense was comparatively preserved. He needed complete assistance with his life in the hospital ward. We provided him with training using preserved tactile sensation by errorless learning. We arranged the environment around him to promote his memory of the position of objects and to avoid misuse of daily objects. Improvement in the visual agnosia and memory disorder was slight. He became independent with his life in the hospital ward. However, he needed assistance in a new environment, such as an unfamiliar lavatory. The results suggest that a patient with visual agnosia may become independent early by appropriate training, despite insufficient visual perception and memory function. In our patient, the intervention period was too short to generalize the effects of training. Additionally, the memory disorder might have become an obstacle for generalization. Further improvement in visual perception, independence in daily activities, and quality of life, will need continuous support.

著者

Kazuo Saito Maki Koyama Atsuko Ishida Toshiko Futaki

出版者

Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists

雑誌

Asian Journal of Occupational Therapy (ISSN:13473476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.31-35, 2021 (Released:2021-04-23)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1

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Purpose: The objectives of this study were to quantitatively analyze the reaction patterns of ataxia and Parkinson's disease cases that are cognitively harmless and to examine the characteristics of pathological reactions, such as ataxia, rigidity, and motor control, compared to the patterns of a healthy subject.Methods: An eye–hand coordination pointing with pencil test (EHCPPT) app was developed that requires patients to tap a bullseye target with a pencil for screening testing. This app is intended to be used during regular check-ups of the elderly to help them maintain their home lifestyle through self-management of health. The EHCPPT consists of two tasks, both of which require the patient to tap a bullseye target as a test of eye–hand coordination in response to a stimulus sound. In one task, the sound is repeated rhythmically; in the other, it is generated irregularly and infrequently. The EHCPPT app is based on the “oddball paradigm” experimental design and can be administered in just a few minutes to measure the time lag between the sounds and taps as well as the distance between the target and tapped locations automatically.Results: The data generated when the app was used by a healthy subject, an ataxia patient, and a patient with Parkinson's disease were analyzed. In each case, the data exhibited a distinctive pattern.Conclusion: The EHCPPT app is simple and fast and shows potential as a screening test.

著者

Yuto Tashiro Yuichi Nishida Ayaka Yamaoka Yusuke Suzuki Takayoshi Horii Hiroaki Arai Yutaka Yamaguchi Naoya Wada Isao Yokota Tomoki Aoyama

出版者

Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists

雑誌

Asian Journal of Occupational Therapy (ISSN:13473476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.87-93, 2020 (Released:2020-12-15)

参考文献数

31

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Objectives: There are only a few functional evaluations that non-medical personnel can perform and interpret without guidance. Here, we have created a questionnaire that focused on eating activities, which can be used to evaluate motor function easily because most people could relate to eating activities. This study aimed to verify the reliability and validity of the developed questionnaire by comparing it with clinical evaluations for upper extremity function.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Patients who have cerebrovascular disease history with disabilities in the upper limb were included in the study. The questionnaire on eating activities was answered by the patients themselves. Upper extremity function was evaluated with the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA). Work efficiency was evaluated with the General Aptitude Test Battery. Reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by test-retest reliability. Validity was evaluated using a correlation analysis.Results: The study included 16 participants. The results indicated that all items had sufficient reliability. The correlation between the questionnaire score of the hand and the FMA score of the wrist, hand, and arm was statistically significant.Conclusions: The developed questionnaire was reliable and significantly related to clinical evaluation of upper extremity functions. This questionnaire is of great value to patients with stroke to understand their functions.

著者

Katsuma Ikeuchi Yuki Yasuda Ryuichi Saito Seiji Nishida Yasushi Orita Chiaki Sakamoto

出版者

Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists

雑誌

Asian Journal of Occupational Therapy (ISSN:13473476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.17-23, 2022 (Released:2022-01-28)

参考文献数

26

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Introduction: Peer support programs are mainly studied by hospitals and medical professionals, and further research is needed on their impact on quality of life (QOL). The purpose of this study was to investigate the type of community-based peer support program that is effective for improving the QOL of cancer survivors. Method: A systematic review was performed using the following procedures: (1) randomized controlled trials aimed at improving QOL were searched from PubMed and Igaku Chuo Zasshi, (2) papers that met the inclusion criteria were selected, and (3) the papers were assessed for quality by using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials.Results: Results showed that four studies met the eligibility criteria, and three of them showed statistically significant improvements in QOL. The peers instructed in programs were breast cancer survivors who had been diagnosed one to three years earlier. Furthermore, peers received special training for approximately eight hours per session for a total of two to seven days before providing support to the participants.Conclusion: Few programs have been fully applied in Japan. In terms of program effectiveness and risk of bias, programs that include obtaining support and managing activities that affect mood may be effective. Furthermore, the importance of taking enough time to help cancer survivors trust each other and provide support according to the patient's wishes and available community resources was demonstrated.

著者

Kazuo Saito Hitoshi Kihara

出版者

Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists

雑誌

Asian Journal of Occupational Therapy (ISSN:13473476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.23-28, 2016 (Released:2016-09-04)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1 1

---

In the present study, we report two cases of splinting therapy where favorable results were obtained using splinting of two types, consisting of a first step of fixation at PIP joint extension position and DIP joint extension position, followed by a second step of further fixation at DIP joint extension position, followed thereafter by hand therapy on mallet finger. As the first splint flexes the PIP joint, and, further, as the DIP joint is taken as the hyperextension position, it is thought that the ruptured tendon ends sufficiently entwined more than with the conventional splint at the DIP joint extension position. The splinting therapy we used, with its two-type splinting, is thought to have enabled fixation and ROM acquisition that were in tandem with the tendon healing process. This treatment hints at the effectiveness of conservative therapy in the treatment of swan neck deformities and bony mallet finger.

著者

Yuji Hirose Chieko Karashima Go Igarashi

出版者

Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists

雑誌

Asian Journal of Occupational Therapy (ISSN:13473476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.71-78, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

参考文献数

23

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Objective: The number of children with special education needs (SEN) is on the rise in Japan. However, the behavior and sensory modulation functions of preschool-aged children with SEN have not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to examine the behavioral and sensory modulation characteristics of preschool-aged children with SEN compared with those of children without SEN.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey using a questionnaire on children's behavioral problems and sensory modulation, which was reported by nursery teachers who cared for children with and without SEN. Forty-two nursery teachers who were involved with the care of children with and without SEN were asked to complete the Japanese version of the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI) and the Japanese version of the Short Sensory Profile (SSP).Results: The results showed that both ECBI and SSP scores were significantly higher in children with SEN than in children without SEN (p < 0.01), and that the SSP domain scores for underresponsive/seeks sensation and auditory filtering in children with SEN were significantly correlated with ECBI scores (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Children with SEN had more sensory modulation bias and behavioral problems than children without SEN, and there was an association between sensory modulation bias and behavioral problems in children with SEN.

著者

Venthan J. Mailoo Nick Best Sarah Cheal Francesca Kelly Jeremy Turner

出版者

Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists

雑誌

Asian Journal of Occupational Therapy (ISSN:13473476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.1-7, 2016 (Released:2016-08-27)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Type-1 diabetes results from cessation of endogenous insulin production. Self-management is essential for patients with type-1 diabetes to prevent secondary organ damage and premature death. Self-management may be inhibited by a vast array of psychosocial factors, and therapy is unlikely to be successful unless these factors are identified and addressed. A pilot study of seven patients from Norfolk in the United Kingdom was undertaken to investigate the psychosocial factors interfering with diabetes self-management. Occupational therapy assessments and interventions were provided in an outpatient clinic. Patients' capacities for diabetes self-management were adversely affected by physical and psychological comorbidities, financial hardship and family responsibilities. Health problems resulting from sub-optimal diabetes self-management included visual impairment, lower limb amputation, erectile dysfunction, hypoglycaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis. A combination of these problems impacted on patients' spiritual lives, interpersonal and intimate relationships, employment prospects, finances and personal power, pleasure and security.

著者

Tatsuya Kaneno Muku Ito Naoto Kiguchi Akihiro Sato Kazunori Akizuki Jun Yabuki Yuki Echizenya Satoshi Shibata

出版者

Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists

雑誌

Asian Journal of Occupational Therapy (ISSN:13473476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.69-75, 2019 (Released:2019-09-28)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

2

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Purpose: This study aimed to compare adjustability of grasping force (AGF) between people belonging to young and elderly age-groups. Methods: Twenty young people and 20 elderly people, with no previous pathology involving the hands and fingers, were included in the study, and an AGF assessment was performed for all the subjects using an iWakka. Subjects adjusted the grasping force according to the target value displayed on the monitor by opening or closing the iWakka. Results: The assessment of AGF was performed separately from that of the gripping force, and the latter was found to be comparable between the two groups. The mean AGF was found to be 8.9 ± 4.0 g and 7.6 ± 2.8 g for the dominant and the non-dominant hand, respectively, in the elderly group, as compared to the mean AGF for the dominant and the non-dominant hand of 4.4 ± 1.2 g and 4.4 ± 0.6 g, respectively estimated in the young age-group. A t-test conducted after controlling the disparate factors (sex, handedness, gripping force) between the subjects of the two groups, showed that there was a significant difference in AGF between the young and the elderly groups for both the dominant (p = 0.03) and the non-dominant hand (p = 0.02), indicating that the AGF of the elderly people was significantly lower than that of the young study-subjects.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that AGF decreases with aging and that it is necessary to assess AGF separately from the gripping force, to make a precise comparison.

著者

Takeshi Kodama Yuji Nakamura Sonomi Nakajima Kenichi Kamoshita Yasuhito Sengoku

出版者

Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists

雑誌

Asian Journal of Occupational Therapy (ISSN:13473476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.85-92, 2019 (Released:2019-12-06)

参考文献数

19

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This study investigated the effects of seat cushion material during a reaching task. Ten healthy adults and three individuals with cerebral palsy participated. All subjects performed the reaching task on two urethane cushions and one silicone cushion. Anterior/posterior and medial/lateral displacement of the center of pressure and straight rate were assessed. In addition, the movement trajectory of the hand was recorded. No differences among seat cushions were observed in healthy adults. However, all of individuals with cerebral palsy were able to perform the task more efficiency while seated on the silicone cushion than the others. These findings suggest that seat cushion design may improve movement in individuals with cerebral palsy who have postural control disabilities.

著者

Aiko Hoshino Mami Suwa

出版者

Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists

雑誌

Asian Journal of Occupational Therapy (ISSN:13473476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.45-52, 2019 (Released:2019-05-10)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

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Background: Depression causes mothers to experience difficulties in child care and increases stress, which can influence the development of the child. Japan currently has insufficient support for mothers with depression. Objectives: We aimed to reveal the difficulties in child care and related factors of three Japanese mothers with depression by examining their narratives. Methods: A mixed method design was applied. We conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with mothers with depression and analyzed the data using both the grounded theory approach and text mining software (KH Coder). Results: As a result of focus coding, 11 focus codes were extracted. In addition, as a result of multi-dimensional scaling, two codes (“Physical burden caused by family and child care” and “The mother coping with difficulties by herself”) were in close proximity and formed a unit. Another two codes (“Anxiety over not having complete control over child care” and “One-sided coping methods”) were in close proximity, creating a second unit. Conclusion: This study suggested the following: 1) in spite of being aware of their excessive burden, mothers with depression believed that they should take care of their children by themselves; 2) because of the desire to be a perfect mother, mothers with depression tended to have extremes in their child care. We need further research based this result for the developing support systems.

著者

Ippei Yoshida Kazuki Hirao Ryuji Kobayashi

出版者

Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists

雑誌

Asian Journal of Occupational Therapy (ISSN:13473476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.11-18, 2019 (Released:2019-03-20)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

1

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The primary goal of occupational therapy is to enable people to participate in normal everyday activities. To understand and support a client's desired activities, it is necessary to share the meaning of occupation between the therapist and client. One concept that has been used to capture the psychological state for an activity is flow. Therefore, we devised a process of adjusting the challenge-skill balance for occupational therapy based on flow theory. In this pilot study, we aimed to verify whether adjusting the challenge-skill balance for occupational therapy improved subjective quality of life in a recovery rehabilitation unit. To inform the future design of randomized controlled trials, we therefore compared standard occupational therapy with this new approach. Both interventions took place from recovery rehabilitation unit entry to discharge, and outcomes (continuous variables) were analyzed using a Bayesian approach explored with generalized linear mixed modeling. Among a total of 22 patients, those receiving the new approach showed a significant improvement in Ikigai-9 (quality of life) compared with those receiving standard occupational therapy. The mean improvement was 4.44 ± 2.17 with a 95% credible interval of 0.104-8.713. The dependence factor, effective sample size, and autocorrelation time were 3.769, 8093, and 6.18, respectively. We conclude that adjusting the challenge-skill balance during occupational therapy could improve a client's subjective quality of life.