著者

佐藤 淳 Wolsan Mieczyslaw

出版者

日本哺乳類学会

雑誌

哺乳類科学 (ISSN:0385437X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.23-40, 2012 (Released:2012-07-18)

参考文献数

98

被引用文献数

1

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レッサーパンダAilurus fulgensはジャイアントパンダと共に食肉目Carnivoraの中で高度な草食適応を果たした種である.1825年の分類学的記載以来,約190年もの間,他の食肉類との進化的類縁関係は謎であった.本総説ではレッサーパンダの進化的由来に関するこれまでの分子系統学的研究を振り返り最新の知見を提供する.近年の主に核遺伝子を利用した分子系統学的研究においては,レッサーパンダはイタチ上科Musteloideaの主要な系統であり,イタチ科Mustelidaeとアライグマ科Procyonidaeから構成される系統に近縁であることが強く支持されている.また,分岐年代推定によりレッサーパンダの系統の起源は約3,000万年前にあると推定された.さらに生物地理学的解析により,その起源はアジアにあることが示唆された.レッサーパンダの系統分化は始新世から漸新世にかけての大規模な地球環境変動の影響を受けたと考えられる.

著者

Sato Jun J. Wolsan Mieczyslaw Prevosti Francisco J. D'Elía Guillermo Begg Colleen Begg Keith Hosoda Tetsuji Campbell Kevin L. Suzuki Hitoshi

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (ISSN:10557903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.3, pp.745-757, 2012-06

被引用文献数

126

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We analyzed a concatenated (8492 bp) nuclear-mitochondrial DNA data set from 44 musteloids (including the first genetic data for Lyncodon patagonicus) with parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods of phylogenetic and biogeographic inference and two Bayesian methods of chronological inference. Here we show that Musteloidea emerged approximately 32.4-30.9 million years ago (MYA) in Asia, shortly after the greenhouse-icehouse global climate shift at the Eocene-Oligocene transition. During their Oligocene radiation, which proceeded wholly or mostly in Asia, musteloids diversified into four primary divisions: the Mephitidae lineage separated first, succeeded by Ailuridae and the divergence of the Procyonidae and Mustelidae lineages. Mustelidae arose approximately 16.1 MYA within the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum, and extensively diversified in the Miocene, mostly in Asia. The early offshoots of this radiation largely evolved into badger and marten ecological niches (Taxidiinae, Melinae, Mellivorinae, Guloninae, and Helictidinae), whereas the later divergences have adapted to other niches including those of weasels, polecats, minks, and otters (Mustelinae, Ictonychinae, and Lutrinae). Notably, and contrary to traditional beliefs, the morphological adaptations of badgers, martens, weasels, polecats, and minks each evolved independently more than once within Mustelidae. Ictonychinae (which is most closely related to Lutrinae) arose approximately 9.5-8.9 MYA, most likely in Asia, where it diverged into the Old World Ictonychini (Vormela, Poecilictis, Ictonyx, and Poecilogale) and New World Lyncodontini (Lyncodon and Galictis) lineages. Ictonychini presumably entered Africa during the Messinian Salinity Crisis (at the Miocene-Pliocene transition), which interposed the origins of this clade (approximately 6.5-6.0 MYA) and its African Poecilictis-Ictonyx-Poecilogale subclade (approximately 4.8-4.5 MYA). Lyncodontini originated approximately 2.9-2.6 MYA at the Pliocene-Pleistocene transition in South America, slightly after the emergence of the Panamanian land bridge that provided for the Great American Biotic Interchange. As the genera Martes and Ictonyx (as currently circumscribed) are paraphyletic with respect to the genera Gulo and Poecilogale, respectively, we propose that Pekania and Poecilictis be treated as valid genera and that "Martes" pennanti and "Ictonyx" libyca, respectively, be assigned to these genera.