- 著者
- Ben KENWARD Mathias BERGGREN Michiteru KITAZAKI Shoji ITAKURA Yasuhiro KANAKOGI
- 出版者
- Psychologia Society
- 雑誌
- PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.61, no.1, pp.37-52, 2018 (Released:2019-11-12)
- 参考文献数
- 68
- 被引用文献数
- 1
Studies of infants’ and adults’ social cognition frequently use geometric-shape agents such as coloured squares and circles, but the influence of agent visual-form on social cognition has been little investigated. Here, although adults gave accurate explicit descriptions of interactions between geometric-shape aggressors and victims, implicit association tests for dominance and valence did not detect tendencies to encode the shapes’ social attributes on an implicit level. With regard to valence, the lack of any systematic implicit associations precludes conclusive interpretations. With regard to dominance, participants implicitly associated a yellow square as more dominant than a blue circle, even when the true relationship was the reverse of this and was correctly explicitly described by participants. Therefore, although explicit dominance judgements were strongly influenced by observed behaviour, implicit dominance associations were more clearly influenced by preconceived associations between visual form and social characteristics. This study represents a cautionary tale for those conducting experiments using geometric-shape agents.
- 著者
- Yusuke MORIGUCHI Yuko OKUMURA Yasuhiro KANAKOGI Shoji ITAKURA
- 出版者
- Psychologia Society
- 雑誌
- PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.53, no.1, pp.36-43, 2010 (Released:2010-04-13)
- 参考文献数
- 19
- 被引用文献数
- 5 8
There is an argument regarding whether Japanese children may show a delay in false belief reasoning. The authors investigated whether this apparent delay is genuinely due to the children’s difficulty with false belief reasoning, or whether the verbal questioning technique underestimates the competence of the participants. The authors gave 4- and 5-year-old Japanese children a verbal and a nonverbal false belief task. The results revealed that the children performed significantly better in the nonverbal task than in the verbal task. In addition, 5-year-old children performed significantly above chance in the nonverbal task, but not in the verbal task. The results suggested that Japanese children show difficulty with false belief tasks because verbal tasks may underestimate their competence. The results are consistent with the universal view of the development of false belief reasoning.