著者

Takeshi HAMAMURA

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2019-B010, (Released:2019-12-25)

参考文献数

12

---

Family names of Japanese convey information about their family history. Although a precise inference at an individual level is difficult, an inference made in aggregation at a community level reliably captures differences in historical inflows of migrants across communities. Following an introduction of this rationale, this paper develops the Family Name Index. As anticipated, the Index was correlated with historical residential mobility across Japanese prefectures. In regions characterized by high historical residential mobility, frequent family names overlapped more with nationally frequent family names. Part 2 used the Index to illuminate regional differences in Japanese social capital. Consistent with prior research, the results indicated a negative association between the Family Name Index and social capital. That is, social capital was stronger in regions where frequent family names do not closely resemble the nationally frequent names. Implications are discussed.

著者

Nobuhiro MIFUNE Yang LI

出版者

Psychologia Editorial Office

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2019-B008, (Released:2019-12-25)

参考文献数

70

被引用文献数

4 4

---

General trust, or trust in people with unknown personal backgrounds and with whom there is no interpersonal relationship, is key for the formation of an effective society. The Trust Game has long been a popular behavioral measurement of general trust; however, other measurements, such as the Faith Game, are increasingly attracting attention. Nevertheless, while the psychological and neural mechanisms of trust in the Trust Game have been revealed in numerous studies, little is known about trust in the Faith Game. In the present study, we exploratorily examined how behavioral trust in both the Trust Game and Faith Game correlates with trust-related individual characteristics (i.e., attitudinal trust, social caution, and social value orientation). The results showed that attitudinal trust is only related to the trust shown in the Trust Game, and that risk aversion and betrayal aversion are related to the trust shown in both games.

著者

L. Takeo DOI

出版者

Psychologia Editorial Office

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.3, pp.117-123, 1962 (Released:2021-09-09)

被引用文献数

2

著者

Akio TAKAHASHI Keita NISHIYAMA Midori OHKITA Kosuke SAWA

出版者

プシコロギア会

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2-3, pp.91-99, 2016 (Released:2017-09-21)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

3

---

From the perspective of animal welfare, positive reinforcement should be used in animal training situations, such as an equestrian event. To assess the reinforcement properties of patting the neck of horses, a simple instrumental conditioning test was administered. Three horses were required to press a button with their nose for a food pellet and patting. ABA reversal design was administered to assess the relative reinforcement properties of patting to food reinforcement; and, the reinforcement schedule for the food reinforcer was gradually changed from the continuous reinforcement (CRF) to a fixed ratio (FR) 5. All subjects consistently showed a low level of response for a patting reinforcer, suggesting that reinforcement effect of neck patting may be trivial, if any.

著者

Takashi TSUKIURA

出版者

Psychologia Editorial Office

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.1-3, 2023 (Released:2023-12-25)

参考文献数

7

著者

Keiko ISHII Takahiko MASUDA Masahiro MATSUNAGA Yasuki NOGUCHI Hidenori YAMASUE Yohsuke OHTSUBO

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021-B014, (Released:2021-07-21)

参考文献数

61

被引用文献数

1

---

The dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) is associated with novelty-seeking and risk-taking behaviors that have had an adaptive value in the history of human migration. It also plays a role in moderating the extent to which people adhere to cultural norms and practices. The aim of this study was to replicate previous findings about how DRD4 polymorphism interacts with cultural differences in social orientation, which revealed Westerners’ emphasis on independence and East Asians’ emphasis on interdependence. Testing Japanese and European Canadian undergraduates (n = 784), we succeeded in replicating these previous findings: the Canadian students were more independent, whereas the Japanese students were more interdependent. However, none of the interaction effects between culture and DRD4 were significant. Implications for candidate gene research investigating gene–environment and gene–culture interactions are discussed.

著者

Ayaka TAKIMOTO Yusuke HORI Kazuo FUJITA

出版者

プシコロギア会

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2-3, pp.100-111, 2016 (Released:2017-09-21)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

11

---

We tested whether horses (Equus caballus) are sensitive to human attentional states and modify the modality of begging behaviors as a function of human attentional states in a naturalistic food-requesting situation. In Experiment 1, horses tended to produce more auditory or tactile begging behaviors when the human experimenter (E1)’s eyes were covered by her hand than when they were not covered. However, there was no difference in visual begging behaviors between conditions. In Experiment 2, horses produced significantly more auditory or tactile begging behaviors when E1’s eyes were closed than when they were open. In contrast, horses produced significantly more visual begging behaviors when E1’s eyes were open than when they were closed. These results suggest that horses understand the role of eyes as an indicator of human attentional states and show effective and flexible begging behaviors proactively as a function of human attentional states.

著者

Yoshiyuki UEDA Masato NUNOI Sakiko YOSHIKAWA

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2019-A009, (Released:2020-05-28)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1 13

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We developed a new high-resolution facial expression image database with multiple face directions and multiple gaze directions. This database was developed for usage as materials for psychological experiments and included six basic expressions (angry, disgusted, fearful, happy, sad, and surprised) and neutral expressions. Facial expressions in the database were formed in accordance with the instructions based on previous studies. To obtain the most expressive faces, models checked their facial expressions via a prompter, and we recorded them with video clips. After shooting, we extracted the most expressive images from the video clips. The size and location of the faces and lighting were perfectly controlled. With these procedures, we obtained 4,736 images in total. As a validation procedure, images in the database were presented to naïve observers: some of them judged the intensity of each facial expression and others categorized the images as basic facial expressions. Furthermore, personality traits of models were evaluated and principal components of East Asian face evaluations were obtained. This database, including the results of validation experiments, is available to researchers for non-commercial academic use only.

著者

Ben KENWARD Mathias BERGGREN Michiteru KITAZAKI Shoji ITAKURA Yasuhiro KANAKOGI

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.1, pp.37-52, 2018 (Released:2019-11-12)

参考文献数

68

被引用文献数

1

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Studies of infants’ and adults’ social cognition frequently use geometric-shape agents such as coloured squares and circles, but the influence of agent visual-form on social cognition has been little investigated. Here, although adults gave accurate explicit descriptions of interactions between geometric-shape aggressors and victims, implicit association tests for dominance and valence did not detect tendencies to encode the shapes’ social attributes on an implicit level. With regard to valence, the lack of any systematic implicit associations precludes conclusive interpretations. With regard to dominance, participants implicitly associated a yellow square as more dominant than a blue circle, even when the true relationship was the reverse of this and was correctly explicitly described by participants. Therefore, although explicit dominance judgements were strongly influenced by observed behaviour, implicit dominance associations were more clearly influenced by preconceived associations between visual form and social characteristics. This study represents a cautionary tale for those conducting experiments using geometric-shape agents.

著者

Yuki ITO Arii WATANABE Saho TAKAGI Minori ARAHORI Atsuko SAITO

出版者

プシコロギア会

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2-3, pp.112-120, 2016 (Released:2017-09-21)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

17

---

We tested whether cats (Felis catus) could recognize human attentional states when begging for food from one of two unfamiliar actors. Cats were tested under three conditions that differed in the actors’ actions: Visual only condition—the actor looking at the cat silently versus facing sideways silently; Visual and Auditory condition—the actor looking at and calling to the cat versus looking at the cat silently; and Auditory only condition—the actor facing down and calling to the cat versus facing down silently. In the Visual and Auditory condition, cats preferred the actor who was calling to them. In the Visual only and the Auditory only conditions, the cats showed no preference for the actors’ attentional states. There was a modest difference in the preference between the Visual and Auditory condition and the Auditory only condition. These results suggest that cats can use vocal cues of attention toward them only in situations in which humans are looking at them.

著者

Niwako YAMAWAKI

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.3, pp.163-174, 2009 (Released:2009-12-15)

参考文献数

52

被引用文献数

5 11

---

This study examined the moderating role of rape myth acceptance (RMA) and belief in a just world (BJW) on victim blame attribution in either an alleged stranger or date rape case. As hypothesized, RMA and BJW were both significant predictors of victim blame behavior for the Japanese college students who participated in the study. Further, Japanese participants blamed the victim of date rape more than the victim of the stranger rape. The similarities and differences between findings from this study and those from Western countries are discussed.

著者

L. Takeo DOI

出版者

Psychologia Editorial Office

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.1-7, 1962 (Released:2021-09-08)

被引用文献数

6

著者

Mayumi OKA

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.65-81, 2014 (Released:2014-09-06)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

4 3

---

The current article examines the potential role of topography in suicide. First, I analyzed suicide data from 3,318 municipalities in Japan during the 30-year period of 1973–2002. I found that suicide rate was higher in municipalities with steeper slopes than less steep slopes. Moreover, the association between steep slopes and suicide rate remained significant, controlling for other well-known ecological factors such as population density, daylight hours, and snow. Second, I found that elevation per se was less important in predicting suicide rate than the presence of sharp slopes. That is, even if two municipalities are located in the same elevation (e.g., 600 meters above the water level), a municipality with more steep slopes tends to have a higher suicide rate than a municipality with more flat areas. In a flat community, there are more shops, clinics, and other gathering places easily accessible to its residents than in a sloped community. More generally, I posit that harsh natural environments demand more patience and self-control, which in turn makes residents in harsh environments less likely to seek help from others, which could result in a higher rate of suicide.

著者

JYUJI MISUMI

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.4, pp.229-235, 1959 (Released:2021-07-30)

被引用文献数

6

著者

Atsuhiko UCHIDA

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.2, pp.124-157, 2018 (Released:2020-01-29)

参考文献数

53

被引用文献数

2

---

This study investigated the characteristics of people who promoted political conversations on Japanese Twitter, and found that the way they mentioned political topics seemed to reflect their distrust of the current politics in Japan. Tweets from public accounts that promoted political conversations on the Lower House election day in 2017 were collected, and the nouns in these tweets were extracted. The tweets were then classified into ‘political related tweets’ and the others, based on the topics of the extracted nouns. The statistical analysis of the tweets and their metadata revealed that Twitter users who seem to be influential on political conversations tend to mention political topics with emotional expressions of anger rather than anxiety or positive emotional expressions, while other users tend to mention those topics with anxiety. These patterns seem to reflect the distrust of politics in the public opinion in Japan.

著者

Toshiyuki OCHIAI Mitsuru SUGANUMA Yūichi NAKAMURA Akiko SAKAKI Masafumi NAKAGAWA

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.16-27, 2017 (Released:2018-05-03)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1 2

---

Using a full-head-scale 48ch near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) machine (a system used to visualize brain function), we evaluated brain imaging reactions with regard to four items that are often discussed in the context of direct mail marketing services, namely the difference between paper and electronic media, the difference between a one-time and multiple presentations, the presence or absence of a byname, and the relative number of products being presented.For the presentation of a small number of items with names that were posted repeatedly using paper media, signal intensity was found to be heightened in the prefrontal cortex.Findings obtained using neuromarketing methods indicate that these methods offer indispensable tools for the development of products and services that engage reward systems, or in other words, engage consumer desire.

著者

Yuki TANIDA Taiji UENO Matthew A. LAMBON RALPH Satoru SAITO

出版者

プシコロギア会

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.3, pp.145-154, 2015 (Released:2016-09-24)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

---

It is well established that the phonological system captures the quasiregularity of phoneme sequences. For example, repetition performance is better for nonwords composed of phoneme combinations that occur frequently in one’s native language. Although phoneme sequences are necessarily accompanied by suprasegmental aspects (e.g., accent patterns), the influence of suprasegmental aspects has not been investigated extensively. This study examined the influence of Japanese pitch-accent pattern on nonword repetition. Exploration of nonwords provides an opportunity to investigate phonological factors largely without lexical and semantic influences. We conducted immediate and delayed nonword repetition experiments, manipulating phonotactic frequency and pitch-accent type. Two experiments revealed that nonwords presented with atypical accent patterns showed more frequent phonemic and accent pattern errors than nonwords with more typical accent patterns. The results indicate that the phonological system captures a range of sublexical phonological characteristics found in each language through linguistic experiences and is not limited to coding phonemic sequences alone. We suggest that although there is diversity in functioning of phonological systems driven by linguistic variability, such diversity stems from universal learning mechanisms in language processing systems.

著者

Nobuhito ABE

出版者

プシコロギア会

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.131-145, 2012 (Released:2012-09-20)

参考文献数

73

被引用文献数

2 7

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It is widely recognized that human memory is an imperfect process that sometimes causes various kinds of distortions and illusions. Recently, some light has been shed on the brain mechanisms involved in this false memory phenomenon as a result of research into its neural basis embarked on by cognitive neuroscientists. This article reviews neuroimaging studies that have attempted to distinguish between true and false memory retrieval. It also reviews neuroimaging studies that have measured neural activity during encoding and addresses the question of whether the encoding-related neural activity predicts subsequent memory distortions. Finally, there is a brief discussion from the cognitive neuroscience perspective about whether the memory distortion reflects deficient cognitive processing or is a by-product of adaptive cognitive processing.

著者

Takahiro MIURA Ken-ichiro YABU

出版者

Psychologia Editorial Office

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022-B031, (Released:2023-12-04)

参考文献数

217

被引用文献数

2

---

Support systems have been developed to facilitate the active participation of the visually and hearing impaired, as these impairments limit information acquisition and activities. However, efforts to improve the quality and quantity of information presented to persons with disabilities are still in the developmental stage due to the unique perception and recognition styles in persons with visual and hearing impairments. By clarifying such perception and recognition mechanisms and the current status of assistive technologies, researchers can develop support schemes taking advantage of the abilities of people with visual and hearing impairments, and extend their information processing. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to organize the unique characteristics of perceptual ability and communication strategies reportedly acquired by persons with visual and hearing impairments and the information assurance methods based on sensory substitution. For the visually impaired, we describe a visual substitution system that focuses on sound and tactile information, in addition to their sensory substitution functions. We also introduce example applications through support methods in parasports and computer games. For the hearing impaired, we review communication methods and support strategies using information devices.

著者

Masataka NAKAYAMA Chihiro HATANAKA Yuka SUZUKI Yasushi SUGIHARA

出版者

Psychologia Editorial Office

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022-B030, (Released:2023-10-02)

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

1

---

Text-based online counseling services are rapidly spreading, especially among younger generations. However, previous research on text-based online counseling is limited to young users in Western countries. Given its potential utility for broader populations, description of the public image of the service is necessary to reach broader populations. The current study aimed to describe public images of text-based online counseling in Japan, focusing on generational differences. An online survey asked Japanese participants (N = 614) from a wide age range (M = 41.77; SD = 11.98, range = 20 to 76) to freely describe their image and impressions of “SNS counseling,” the Japanese term for text-based counseling. We quantified each description with the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) algorithm, a deep learning technology for natural language processing. We explored the components of images of text-based online counseling that linearly correlate with age. The main result indicated that the image of text-based online counseling among younger participants clustered around lightness, with both positive and negative connotations. Younger participants regarded text-based online counseling as easy to access but less serious. The image of text-based online counseling among older participants indicated that they were anxious about not being able to see the “face” of the counselor, and were concerned about security and privacy.