著者

Takeshi HAMAMURA

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2019-B010, (Released:2019-12-25)

参考文献数

12

---

Family names of Japanese convey information about their family history. Although a precise inference at an individual level is difficult, an inference made in aggregation at a community level reliably captures differences in historical inflows of migrants across communities. Following an introduction of this rationale, this paper develops the Family Name Index. As anticipated, the Index was correlated with historical residential mobility across Japanese prefectures. In regions characterized by high historical residential mobility, frequent family names overlapped more with nationally frequent family names. Part 2 used the Index to illuminate regional differences in Japanese social capital. Consistent with prior research, the results indicated a negative association between the Family Name Index and social capital. That is, social capital was stronger in regions where frequent family names do not closely resemble the nationally frequent names. Implications are discussed.

著者

Keiko ISHII Takahiko MASUDA Masahiro MATSUNAGA Yasuki NOGUCHI Hidenori YAMASUE Yohsuke OHTSUBO

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021-B014, (Released:2021-07-21)

参考文献数

61

被引用文献数

1

---

The dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) is associated with novelty-seeking and risk-taking behaviors that have had an adaptive value in the history of human migration. It also plays a role in moderating the extent to which people adhere to cultural norms and practices. The aim of this study was to replicate previous findings about how DRD4 polymorphism interacts with cultural differences in social orientation, which revealed Westerners’ emphasis on independence and East Asians’ emphasis on interdependence. Testing Japanese and European Canadian undergraduates (n = 784), we succeeded in replicating these previous findings: the Canadian students were more independent, whereas the Japanese students were more interdependent. However, none of the interaction effects between culture and DRD4 were significant. Implications for candidate gene research investigating gene–environment and gene–culture interactions are discussed.

著者

Yoshiyuki UEDA Masato NUNOI Sakiko YOSHIKAWA

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2019-A009, (Released:2020-05-28)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1 13

---

We developed a new high-resolution facial expression image database with multiple face directions and multiple gaze directions. This database was developed for usage as materials for psychological experiments and included six basic expressions (angry, disgusted, fearful, happy, sad, and surprised) and neutral expressions. Facial expressions in the database were formed in accordance with the instructions based on previous studies. To obtain the most expressive faces, models checked their facial expressions via a prompter, and we recorded them with video clips. After shooting, we extracted the most expressive images from the video clips. The size and location of the faces and lighting were perfectly controlled. With these procedures, we obtained 4,736 images in total. As a validation procedure, images in the database were presented to naïve observers: some of them judged the intensity of each facial expression and others categorized the images as basic facial expressions. Furthermore, personality traits of models were evaluated and principal components of East Asian face evaluations were obtained. This database, including the results of validation experiments, is available to researchers for non-commercial academic use only.

著者

Ben KENWARD Mathias BERGGREN Michiteru KITAZAKI Shoji ITAKURA Yasuhiro KANAKOGI

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.1, pp.37-52, 2018 (Released:2019-11-12)

参考文献数

68

被引用文献数

1

---

Studies of infants’ and adults’ social cognition frequently use geometric-shape agents such as coloured squares and circles, but the influence of agent visual-form on social cognition has been little investigated. Here, although adults gave accurate explicit descriptions of interactions between geometric-shape aggressors and victims, implicit association tests for dominance and valence did not detect tendencies to encode the shapes’ social attributes on an implicit level. With regard to valence, the lack of any systematic implicit associations precludes conclusive interpretations. With regard to dominance, participants implicitly associated a yellow square as more dominant than a blue circle, even when the true relationship was the reverse of this and was correctly explicitly described by participants. Therefore, although explicit dominance judgements were strongly influenced by observed behaviour, implicit dominance associations were more clearly influenced by preconceived associations between visual form and social characteristics. This study represents a cautionary tale for those conducting experiments using geometric-shape agents.

著者

Niwako YAMAWAKI

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.3, pp.163-174, 2009 (Released:2009-12-15)

参考文献数

52

被引用文献数

5 11

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This study examined the moderating role of rape myth acceptance (RMA) and belief in a just world (BJW) on victim blame attribution in either an alleged stranger or date rape case. As hypothesized, RMA and BJW were both significant predictors of victim blame behavior for the Japanese college students who participated in the study. Further, Japanese participants blamed the victim of date rape more than the victim of the stranger rape. The similarities and differences between findings from this study and those from Western countries are discussed.

著者

Mayumi OKA

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.65-81, 2014 (Released:2014-09-06)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

4 3

---

The current article examines the potential role of topography in suicide. First, I analyzed suicide data from 3,318 municipalities in Japan during the 30-year period of 1973–2002. I found that suicide rate was higher in municipalities with steeper slopes than less steep slopes. Moreover, the association between steep slopes and suicide rate remained significant, controlling for other well-known ecological factors such as population density, daylight hours, and snow. Second, I found that elevation per se was less important in predicting suicide rate than the presence of sharp slopes. That is, even if two municipalities are located in the same elevation (e.g., 600 meters above the water level), a municipality with more steep slopes tends to have a higher suicide rate than a municipality with more flat areas. In a flat community, there are more shops, clinics, and other gathering places easily accessible to its residents than in a sloped community. More generally, I posit that harsh natural environments demand more patience and self-control, which in turn makes residents in harsh environments less likely to seek help from others, which could result in a higher rate of suicide.

著者

JYUJI MISUMI

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.4, pp.229-235, 1959 (Released:2021-07-30)

被引用文献数

6

著者

Atsuhiko UCHIDA

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.2, pp.124-157, 2018 (Released:2020-01-29)

参考文献数

53

被引用文献数

2

---

This study investigated the characteristics of people who promoted political conversations on Japanese Twitter, and found that the way they mentioned political topics seemed to reflect their distrust of the current politics in Japan. Tweets from public accounts that promoted political conversations on the Lower House election day in 2017 were collected, and the nouns in these tweets were extracted. The tweets were then classified into ‘political related tweets’ and the others, based on the topics of the extracted nouns. The statistical analysis of the tweets and their metadata revealed that Twitter users who seem to be influential on political conversations tend to mention political topics with emotional expressions of anger rather than anxiety or positive emotional expressions, while other users tend to mention those topics with anxiety. These patterns seem to reflect the distrust of politics in the public opinion in Japan.

著者

Toshiyuki OCHIAI Mitsuru SUGANUMA Yūichi NAKAMURA Akiko SAKAKI Masafumi NAKAGAWA

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.16-27, 2017 (Released:2018-05-03)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1 2

---

Using a full-head-scale 48ch near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) machine (a system used to visualize brain function), we evaluated brain imaging reactions with regard to four items that are often discussed in the context of direct mail marketing services, namely the difference between paper and electronic media, the difference between a one-time and multiple presentations, the presence or absence of a byname, and the relative number of products being presented.For the presentation of a small number of items with names that were posted repeatedly using paper media, signal intensity was found to be heightened in the prefrontal cortex.Findings obtained using neuromarketing methods indicate that these methods offer indispensable tools for the development of products and services that engage reward systems, or in other words, engage consumer desire.

著者

Mina LEE Hwalbin KIM Okhyun KIM

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.4, pp.189-201, 2015 (Released:2017-02-08)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

5 16

---

The present study investigated underlying motivations of Twitter users for retweeting with a presumption that retweeting is a prosocial behaviour. Accordingly, retweeting were predicted to occur when an individual was motivated for prosocial reasons. In this study, prosocial motivations were classified into three categories of egoistic, altruistic, and reciprocity motivations. In addition, behavioural intention was taken as part of predicting variables of actual retweeting behavior and was investigated with other motivation variables. Participants were actual Twitter users who were recruited on Twitter, and data collection was done through an online survey. The results showed that altruistic motivation among three prosocial motivations could predict actual retweeting behaviour through behavioural intention. In addition, the differential effects of reciprocity motivation was found to vary depending on the sizes of the followers and the followees.

著者

Carmela MENTO Maria Catena SILVESTRI Paola MERLINO Vanessa NOCITO Antonio BRUNO Maria R. Anna MUSCATELLO Rocco Antonio ZOCCALI Toshio KAWAI

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020-B013, (Released:2021-02-19)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

1

---

Secondary traumatization has implications for healthcare professionals and the quality of care, this construct including compassion fatigue, vicarious trauma, and burnout, but they are distinct different constructs. The aim of this review is to examine the psychological factors that characterize the domains of secondary traumatization, differentiating them from compassion fatigue, vicarious trauma and burnout in healthcare professionals. We identified eligible papers, a systematic literature search on PubMed has been performed, 681 publications have been found, the total number of relevant publications was reduced to 18. According to the examined literature, this situation may be highly distressing for healthcare assistants, and entails a series of negative consequences. This review suggested that healthcare professionals are at risk of secondary traumatization, for the impact of personal distress, and a variety of stressful factors and negative affect promote this condition. The distress that results from dissatisfaction, and is associated with negative cognitions and negative mood. Finally, the psychological variables of the quality of professional life identified by scientific literature are eight and include: compassion satisfation and fatigue, burnout, distress, self-compassion, psychological inflexibility, empathy, ability to take another people’s perspective.

著者

Osamu KOBORI Yoko SAWAMIYA Naoki YOSHINAGA Angela C. ROWE Laura L. WILKINSON

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.63-76, 2020 (Released:2020-11-27)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

3

---

The aim of the present study was to examine the affect regulation strategies of college athletes using the novel diagrammatic ‘distance affect regulation mapping’ (DARM) tool. In a mixed-methods approach, 96 college athletes completed and reflected on the DARM and completed questionnaires measuring attachment orientation. The correlation analyses demonstrated that athletes who had secure attachment orientations were more likely to seek proximity to someone they relied on to help soothe stress. Qualitative analysis suggested that college athletes found the DARM helpful in highlighting the effective strategies they used to cope with stress. The DARM is a promising tool for researchers to visually capture a range of strategies, and for college athletes to reflect on, improve, and further develop their affect regulation strategies.

著者

Masataka NAKAYAMA Yukiko UCHIDA

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020-B004, (Released:2020-10-28)

参考文献数

51

被引用文献数

14

---

Awe is theorized as an emotion appraised by perceived vastness and need for accommodation. This theoretical framework was developed with a review of spatially and temporally distributed literature mostly in the American and European cultural context, and is assumed to be culturally universal. However, awe as described by Japanese literature, was not explicitly included in the original theorization. We tested whether this framework generalized to the Japanese context by analyzing how Japanese awe-related words (e.g., “畏敬/ikei”) are used in Japanese text. A topic model was used to extract topics in contexts as an index of meaning. Results show that (1) the meaning of awe was statistically dissociable from similar but distinct meanings of fear and respect, and (2) the dissociating topics included transcendent entities such as god, spirits/ghosts, and powerful beings. Japanese meaning of awe includes vastness (i.e., transcendence) that goes beyond typical respect (i.e., power distance) requiring an accommodation of one’s mental framework.

著者

Hiroshi NITTONO Kazumi WATARI

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.3-15, 2017 (Released:2018-05-03)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

2 4

---

The distribution of free samples is known to be an effective tool for sales promotion. By means of event-related brain potentials (ERPs), the present study examined whether tasting a food sample has a stronger effect on brand perception than merely reading a leaflet about the product. Thirty-two university students were asked to read a leaflet about a certain confection brand (target product, either baked cake or chocolate) with or without tasting a sample (n = 16 each). They then performed a category classification task in which 12 colored pictures of different confection brand packages (six baked cakes and six chocolates) were presented one by one in a random order. The participants’ task was to press a button whenever the pictures of the designated confection category (i.e., the category other than the category of the target product) appeared on the screen. ERP responses to the target brand and the other five brands in the same category were compared. The results showed that the specific effect of sampling appeared only from about 500 ms. The target brand elicited a larger late positive potential (LPP) than the other brands only for the participants who sampled it. The findings suggest that, compared with merely reading the information about a product, tasting a sample makes the brand more motivationally salient than the other brands in the same food category.

著者

Satoru NISHIYAMA Satoru SAITO

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020-A112, (Released:2021-05-24)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

2

---

Previous studies on the Think/No-Think (TNT) paradigm have demonstrated that retrieval stopping causes later forgetting. Although precise mechanisms of this retrieval stopping effect have come under scrutiny, a recent study (Hertel & Hayes, 2015) has provided a signpost finding; that is, in a flanker task subsequent to a TNT task, ratings of words flanked by cues for retrieval stopping were slower among those who stopped retrieval by pushing memories out of awareness (i.e., direct suppression), but not among those who did so by thinking of another memory (i.e., thought substitution). This result is attributable to two possible mechanisms: cues for direct suppression triggered some inhibitory mechanisms (inhibition transfer) or they drew more attention than other cues (attentional capture). The present study clarifies the aftereffect of direct suppression by conducting a TNT experiment with a dot-probe task, wherein probes appear following TNT cues, including suppression ones. Participants who engaged in thought substitution showed attentional capture by TNT cues; faster responses to probes presented in the same position of TNT cues, and slower responses to probes presented in the opposite position. However, those who engaged in direct suppression did not show attentional capture. These results are clearly inconsistent with the attentional capture account for the aftereffect of direct suppression, which, in turn, favours inhibition transfer account. Correlation analyses also supported inhibition transfer. Repeated direct suppression might associate suppression cues with inhibitory mechanisms, resulting in inhibition exerted automatically by the presentation of suppression cues.

著者

Yuko MORIMOTO Satoshi F. NAKASHIMA Takashi KUSUMI

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.27-38, 2011 (Released:2011-05-15)

参考文献数

19

---

Recently, considerable attention has been paid to the reputational basis of punishment. The current study examines two issues: the justifiability of punishments and individual differences among observers. Participants evaluated the traits and likability of justified and unjustified punishers and were classified into two groups by the dictator game: monopolists and non-monopolists. As predicted, justified punishers were considered as having favorable traits and unjustified punishers were not. Additionally, we found that non-monopolistic participants regarded justified punishers as good partners, while monopolistic participants did not. Multiple regression analysis showed that this pattern cannot be explained by similarities between punishers and participants. It is likely that monopolists would avoid any punishers, due to the higher possibility that they would be targeted by punishers.

著者

Yusuke MORIGUCHI Yuko OKUMURA Yasuhiro KANAKOGI Shoji ITAKURA

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.1, pp.36-43, 2010 (Released:2010-04-13)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

5 8

---

There is an argument regarding whether Japanese children may show a delay in false belief reasoning. The authors investigated whether this apparent delay is genuinely due to the children’s difficulty with false belief reasoning, or whether the verbal questioning technique underestimates the competence of the participants. The authors gave 4- and 5-year-old Japanese children a verbal and a nonverbal false belief task. The results revealed that the children performed significantly better in the nonverbal task than in the verbal task. In addition, 5-year-old children performed significantly above chance in the nonverbal task, but not in the verbal task. The results suggested that Japanese children show difficulty with false belief tasks because verbal tasks may underestimate their competence. The results are consistent with the universal view of the development of false belief reasoning.

著者

Akihiro TOYA Ken’ichiro NAKASHIMA

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2019-A110, (Released:2020-11-17)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

---

This study investigated the replicability and theoretical validity of terror management theory (TMT). The proposition that mortality salience (MS) leads humans to defend their cultural worldviews has found support in Western cultures. This finding was also replicated in Japan, a non-Western culture (Heine et al., 2002); however, there are limited findings of Japan. The meaning maintenance model proposes that cultural worldview defense is the result of meaning violation (MV) rather than anxiety of death. To investigate TMT in Japan, we conducted an internet survey among people in their 20s and 50s. We examined the effects of three experimental manipulations (MS, MV, and control) on cultural worldview defense. Results indicated that individuals in their 50s in the MS condition had a reaction opposite to the one described by Heine et al. (2002) and MV manipulation showed no effect. This suggests that cultural worldview defense did not occur in Japanese individuals.

著者

Shinji YAMAGATA Yusuke TAKAHASHI

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020-B006, (Released:2020-10-30)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

1

---

This study examined whether religiosity moderates the genetic and environmental etiology of the Big Five personality traits (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness). Data from a nationwide sample of 549 twin pairs collected through the MacArthur Foundation National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States were analyzed. Analyses of a gene–environment interaction model revealed that religiosity moderated the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on Agreeableness and Conscientiousness; for those who were religious, environmental influences on Agreeableness and genetic influences on Conscientiousness were greater. Religiosity exhibited weak main effects on both traits, with higher religiosity contributing to higher levels of both traits. These results suggested that religiosity serves as a psychological immune system that restricts individuals’ levels of Agreeableness and Conscientiousness within a religiously appropriate range, insulating them from internal and external forces. Implications for personality theory and molecular genetic research on personality and psychopathology are discussed.

著者

R. Matthew MONTOYA Cassondra M. FAIELLA Bridget P. LYNCH Suzanne THOMAS Haylee K. DELUCA

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.84-97, 2015 (Released:2016-06-08)

参考文献数

57

被引用文献数

5 8

---

This research explored competing predictions for the relation between uncertainty and interpersonal attraction. Two studies investigated whether uncertainty regarding another person’s interest is associated with an increase or decrease in attraction. Study 1 revealed that when participants evaluated people whose expressed attraction was either certain or uncertain, participants experienced more liking for those who were associated with certainty. In Study 2, compared to a control condition, uncertainty produced more attraction but the greater attraction was mediated by a desire to reduce uncertainty. We conclude by proposing an explanation for why different research paradigms have produced different conclusions regarding uncertainty and the situations necessary for uncertainty to produce interpersonal attraction.