著者

米山 喜晟 Yoshiaki Yoneyama 桃山学院大学文学部(元)

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

国際文化論集 = INTERCULTURAL STUDIES (ISSN:09170219)

巻号頁・発行日

no.42, pp.1-90, 2010-10-20

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In the introduction, I point out that the good effects of defeat are too much underestimated. To account for this fault, I extend the concept of the Montaperti Phenomenon (M. P.), and define it as a phenomenon which brings favorable results to the majority of the losers of a war or their adherents. In chapter 1, I treat cases in which the M. P. happened singly, and give as the first example the effects of the defeat of the navy of Wakoku (old Japan) at Baeg-chong-gang in Korea (663). After the defeat, Wakoku construcked a defense system, and prepared for attack by Tang and Silla. Besides, there took place the rebellion of Jinshin, and the new Emperor Temmu reformed the constitution of Wakoku drastically, changing Wakoku into Nippon (new Japan). Thus the defeat in Korea brought good effects to the history of Japan. I also show several other examples of this type of M. P. In chapter 2, I treat cases in which the M. P. happened doubly. First I choose the case of Siena after the defeat at Colle di Val'Elsa. This defeat changed Siena drastically and brought about the Goverment of the Nine, which governed the city very well and developed it into one of the most charming cities in the world. The M. P. in Siena followed that of medieval Firenze, about which I have written several times. In chapter 3, I suggest that when a closed area is conquered by a strong power, if the power chooses a policy of endurance, there occurrs often the M. P. To test this hypothesis, I show the examples of the Edo Bakufu and the Mongol Empire. Thus, I prove the importance of the good effects of defeats, which were sometimes indispensable for the building of civilizations.

著者

米山 喜晟 Yoshiaki YONEYAMA 桃山学院大学文学部

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

国際文化論集 = INTERCULTURAL STUDIES (ISSN:09170219)

巻号頁・発行日

no.25, pp.21-48, 2001-12-20

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In the 16th century the epicenter of the Italian Novella removed to Veneto from Toscana. But the writers born in Venice were not so many, and S. Erizzo (1525-85) was one of the most important writers among them. He belonged to the Venetian aristocracy and experienced some important goverment posts. He used a frame to bind his works as Boccaccio, but the frame he used (consisted with six students-tellers) was more simple and monotonous. Among the total 36 works, 19 works were told on the stages of the ancient world, especially 14 works (39%) of in the ancient Greek world. The places of the stage were very various (from Peru and England to Persia), but Greece (11+2) and Italy (7+2) occupied 61,11% of all. The 80.35% of the main characters belonged to the noble class, and this percentage is ecceptionally high among the Italian Novella. Erizzo got hints for his 22 works (61,11%) from the works of Valerius Maximus (by the translation of Giogio Dati), but the works of Valerius themselves were too fragmental and brief, therefore most of his cases, he got only suggestions not so important to narrate his own tales which he believed appropriate to educate the morality of the noble young men of Venice.