著者

葉柳 和則

出版者

長崎大学多文化社会学部

雑誌

多文化社会研究 = Journal of Global Humanities and Social Sciences, Nagasaki University (ISSN:21891486)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.183-204, 2022-03-22

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This paper examines the concept of the state as set forth in two political pamphlets by Philipp Etter: The Swiss Democracy (1933) and The Reform of the Fatherland and We (1934). Etter was then a member of the Council of States representing the Catholic Conservative Party. The publication of these two texts was contemporary with the seizure of power in Germany by the Nazis and the emergence of pro-Nazi parties in Switzerland. After asserting the end of liberalism and the dangers of social democracy, Etter proposed a “Third Way.” This was an inherently dangerous proposal, however, because the Third Way generally referred to fascism or Nazism. Nonetheless, Etter clearly rejected the centralizing methods of the Nazis and justified his approach with reference to Switzerland’s strong decentralization. Moreover, he regarded the vocational order advocated by Pope Pius XI in his encyclical Quadragesimo anno (1931) as an ideal, though one that was realized in the contemporary fascist regimes of Italy and Austria. By eliminating centralizing elements from this ideal of vocational order, Etter attempted to “swissize” it. His concept of the state was brought to fruition in the form of a “corporatist state without dictators” between the late 1930s and 1950s, when he was a member of the Federal Council.