著者

嶋田 英晴

出版者

東京大学文学部宗教学研究室

雑誌

東京大学宗教学年報 (ISSN:2896400)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.85-96, 2005-03-31

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This paper treats of the centralized leadership of the rabbinical Judaism. The term "centralized leadership of the rabbinical Judaism" means the leadership of the Babylonian (Iraqi) Jewish aristocracy over the whole Jewish communities under the Islamic rule from the early seventh to the middle of the eleventh century. As the Yeshivah (center for rabbinical study) in Iraq began to decline from the middle of the tenth century, the rabbinical Jewish people in the local areas could not any longer ask for the various questions concerning the Talmudic law. Consequently, local Jewish communities inherited all the traditions of the rabbinical Judaism and arranged the independent systems controlling the inside of their own communities by placing their own rabbis as their leaders. This is the beginning of the "rabbinical Judaism" in the ordinary meaning of the words frequently used in our time. On the basis of the matters mentioned above, this paper explains the actual conditions and the declining course of the centralized leadership of the rabbinical Judaism in the tenth century from the view point of both internal and external factors.