著者

川合 安

出版者

東洋史研究會

雑誌

東洋史研究 (ISSN:03869059)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.2, pp.300-323, 1989-09-30

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During the Six Dynasties period, District Governors monopolised local politics. This they did by concurrently holding the position of Governor in both the Military Government structure (junfu 軍府) and the Civilian Government structure (zhoujun 州郡). From the end of the Western Han through to the Wei jin 魏晉, the body guard units assigned to protect the District Governors were called the "House Guards" (zhangxia 帳下). The leaders of these units were called "House Guard Commanders" (zhangxia-du 帳下督). These House Guards belonged not to the civilian government but to the military government. However, during and after the Eastern Jin period, the function of the House Guard began to change and took on more the meaning of a service unit, providing food, etc. In the Eastern Jin, examples of the House Guard being used as body guards could still be seen. However in the Southern Dynasties they had completely lost their military character and had become purely service units. Accompanying this change in function, was the birth of various terms such as suishen 隨身, zhihe 直閤, fanghe 防閤 etc, all of which had the implied meaning of body guard. On the other hand, during the Wei jin period, when the House Guards had not yet become service units, the service units of the military organizations were called chu 廚. The House Guards as service units, in the military structure, are thought to have had the functions of procuring natural products from the surrounding mountains and valleys and to make a profit selling these. Also, in the Southern Dynasties, the House Guards played a central role in the management of special funds which were under the control of the District Governors.