著者

Matsunaga Wataru Kobayashi Akie Kato Atsushi ITO Hidetaka

出版者

Oxford University Press

雑誌

Plant and cell physiology (ISSN:00320781)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.5, pp.824-833, 2012-05-01

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

4 65

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Environmental stress influences genetic and epigenetic regulation in plant genomes. We previously reported that heat stress activated a copia-like retrotransposon named ONSEN (Ito et al., 2011). To investigate the heat sensitivity and transgenerational activation of ONSEN, we analyzed the stress response by temperature shift and multi-treatments of heat stress. ONSEN was activated at 37℃, and the newly inserted ONSEN was transcriptionally activate and mobile to the next generation subjected to heat stress, indicating that the regulation of ONSEN is independent from positional effects on the chromosome. Reciprocal crosses with activated ONSEN revealed that the transgenerational transposition was inherited from both sexes, indicating that the transposition is suppressed independent of gametophytic regulation. We showed previously that ONSEN was transposed in mutants deficient in siRNA biogenesis, including nrpd2 and rdr2, but not dcl3. To define the functional redundancy of DCL proteins in Arabidopsis, we analyzed ONSEN activation in mutants deficient in Dicer-like proteins, including dcl2, dcl3 and dcl4. ONSEN was nearly immobile in a single Dicer mutant; however, some transgenerational transpositions were observed in dcl2/dcl3/dcl4 triple mutants subjected to heat stress. This indicated that the Dicer family is redundant for ONSEN transposition. To examine the activation of ONSEN in undifferentiated cells, ONSEN transcripts and synthesized DNA were analyzed in heat-stressed callus tissue. In contrast with vegetative tissue, high accumulation of the transcripts and amplified DNA copies of ONSEN were detected in callus. This result indicated that ONSEN activation is controlled by cell-specific regulatory mechanisms.

著者

MORITA Shimpei FUKASE Masami HOSHINO Kumiko FUKUDA Yoichi YAMAGUCHI Masami MORITA Yuhei

出版者

Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists

雑誌

Plant and cell physiology (ISSN:00320781)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.7, pp.1049-1056, 1994-10

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

6

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A proteolytic activity directed against the a subunit of β-conglycinin was detected in resting mature seeds of the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar Keburi. The relationship between pH and activity and the effect of protease inhibitors revealed that the enzyme was a neutral/alkaline serine protease. The proteolysis of the a subunit of β-conglycinin yielded a specific product with a molecular weight of about 47,000, as determined by SDS-PAGE, but the enzyme had no activity against the β subunit. The amino acid composition, the molecular weight and the amino-terminal amino acid sequence of the proteolytic product revealed that the action of the enzyme on the a subunit was specific, with cleavage occurring only at the R126-R127 peptide bond of the a subunit. These characteristics of the protease indicate that the enzyme is a novel protease that has not previously been recognized in soybean seeds.

著者

Kasahara Masahiro Yashiro Kumiko Sakamoto Toshio Ohmori Masayuki

出版者

Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists

雑誌

Plant and cell physiology (ISSN:00320781)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.7, pp.828-836, 1997

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

3

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A cyaC gene encoding an adenylate cyclase of the filamentous cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis was sequenced. The predicted amino acid sequence of the C-terminal region of cyaC is similar to the catalytic domains of adenylate cyclases in other cyanobacteria and eukaryotes. The sequences of other regions are similar to those of proteins consisting of the bacterial two-component signal transduction system: the sensory kinase and the response regulator. The predicted gene product of cyaC contains, from the N-terminal end, a receiver domain of the response regulator protein (R1), a domain similar to the ETR1 of Arabidopsis thaliana, a transmitter domain of the sensory kinase protein, a receiver domain of the response regulator protein (R2), and a catalytic domain of adenylate cyclase. The cyaC gene was expressed as an affinity-tagged protein in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant protein was purified. The purified protein had adenylate cyclase activity which was activated by Mn^<2+>. The results of Western blotting using an anti-CyaC antiserum and the S. platensis cell extract confirmed that cyaC gene is expressed in S. platensis.

著者

I.-Ping CHENG Jonathan E. POULTON Department of Biological Sciences The University of Iowa:(Present)Department of Pharmacology University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey Department of Biological Sciences The University of Iowa

雑誌

Plant and cell physiology (ISSN:00320781)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.7, pp.1139-1143, 1993-10

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3

---

A full-length cDNA clone encoding the flavoprotein (R)-(+)-mandelonitrile lyase was isolated from a black cherry (Prunus serotina) cDNA expression library and sequenced. A putative FAD-binding site was identified near the N-terminus of this enzyme by comparing its deduced amino acid sequence with those of other FAD- and NAD-binding proteins.

著者

Eklof Staffan Astot Crister Blackwell John Thomas Moritz Olof Olsson Goran Sandberg Department of Forest Genetics and Plant physiology SwedishUniversity of Agricltural sciences Department of Forest Genetics and Plant physiology SwedishUniversity of Agricltural sciences Department of Forest Genetics and Plant physiology SwedishUniversity of Agricltural sciences Department of Forest Genetics and Plant physiology SwedishUniversity of Agricltural sciences Department of Molecular Biology Goteborg University Department of Forest Genetics and Plant physiology SwedishUniversity of Agricltural sciences

出版者

Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists

雑誌

Plant and cell physiology (ISSN:00320781)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, pp.225-235, 1997-03

参考文献数

59

被引用文献数

3

---

Cytokinins and auxins are important regulators of plant growth and development, but there is incomplete and conflicting evidence that auxins affect cytokinin metabolism and vice versa. We have investigated these interactions in Nicotiana tabacum L. by separate in planta manipulation of levels of the hormones followed by analysis of the induced changes in the metabolism of the other hormone. Cytokinin-overproducing plants (expressing the Agrobacterium tumefaciens ipt gene) had lower than wild-type levels of free IAA, and reduced rates of IAA synthesis and turn-over, but there were no differences in the profiles of metabolites they produced from fed IAA. Similarly, auxin-over-producing plants (expressing the A. tumefaciens iaaM and iaaH genes), had lower levels of the major cytokinins than wild-type plants and lower cytokinin oxidase activity, but there were no differences in the profiles of metabolites they produced from fed cytokinins. The data demonstrate that cytokinin or auxin overproduction decreases the content of the other hormone, apparently by decreasing its rate of synthesis and/or transport, rather than by increasing rates of turnover or conjugation. Implications for the importance of cytokinin : auxin ratios in plant development are considered.

著者

Uheda Eiji

出版者

一般社団法人日本植物生理学会

雑誌

Plant and cell physiology (ISSN:00320781)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.7, pp.1255-1261, 1986-10

被引用文献数

1

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A procedure has been developed to isolate hair cells from Anabaena containing packets of the aquatic fern Azolla. Unbroken algal packets, isolated by enzyme treatment and flotation on 12.5% Percoll solution, contained hair cells, Anabaena filaments and the envelope membrane. When the packet suspension was gently pipetted, hair cells attached to the envelope membrane became detached from the Anabaena filaments. Hair cells were separated by flotation on 34% Percoll solution and further purified by sifting through nylon mesh. Both branched and unbranched cells were isolated and about 70% remained unstained by 0.1% trypan blue. Electron microscopic observation showed that these cells were protoplasts enclosed by a thin envelope and had well preserved internal structures. The activities of ammonia-assimilating enzymes in the hair cells were much higher than those in Azolla leaves, while the activities in the endophytes were repressed to very low levels. These results suggest that hair cells play an important role in the assimilation of the nitrogen which the endophytes fix and release into the cavity.

著者

Trebacz Kazimierz Sievers Andreas

出版者

一般社団法人日本植物生理学会

雑誌

Plant and cell physiology (ISSN:00320781)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.4, pp.369-372, 1998-04

被引用文献数

2

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At low light intensities (less than 50 μmol m^<-2>s^<-1>)illuminarion evokes transient depolarization of membrane potential in mesophyll cells of the leaf-trap of Dionaea muscipula Ellis. Darkening causes hyperpolarization approximately symmetric to the response to illumination. The amplitude as well as the rate of potential changes depend on light intensity. After exceeding a definite threshold (usually between 50 and 80 μmol m^<-2>s^<-1>)the depolarization plays the role of a generator potential and an all-or-none action potential (AP) is released. Switching light off in a depolarization phase of an AP does not change its shape and the amplitude. When the light intensity is increased to 80-150 μmol m^<-2>s^<-1> a single light stimulus triggers two successive APs. The time interval between the two Aps decreases with increasing stimulus strength and reaches the minimum between 300 and 400 μmol m^<-2>s^<-1>. At higher light intensities the interval increases again, and finally only a single AP is triggered. It was shown that the effect was evoked by light but not by temperature change accompanying illumination. An inhibitor of the photosynthetic electron transport chain, DCMU, blocked the generator potentials mediating between light absorption and APs. Residual responses to light stimuli in plants treated with DCMU had reverse polarity and strogly reduced the amplitudes.

著者

ISHII Tadashi NISHIJIMA Takaaki

出版者

一般社団法人日本植物生理学会

雑誌

Plant and cell physiology (ISSN:00320781)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.8, pp.1447-1451, 1995-12

被引用文献数

5

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The biological activity of cell wall-derived feruloyl oligosaccharides was investigated using a modified micro-drop bioassay. A feruloyl arabinoxylan trisaccharide (FAXX) and a feruloyl arabinoxylan tetrasaccharide (FAXXX) were found to inhibit the gibberellin-induced elongation of dwarf rice (Oryza sativa L., cv, Tan-ginbozu) that had been treated with uniconazole (S-3307), an inhibitor of the biosynthesis of gibberellins. An arabinoxylan trisaccharide (AXX) was ineffective. The growth-inhibitory effecf of feruloyl oligosaccharides depended on their feruloyl and glycosyl moieties. The amount of esterified diferulic acid residues in the cell walls of the second leaf sheath of rice seedlings that had been treated with FAXX was almost same as that of controls. Feruloyl oligosaccharides did not inhibit the incorporation of [^<14>C]leucine into acid-precipitable proteins by suspension-cultured maize cells, whereas cinnamic acid and its derivatives strongly inhibited such incorporation.

著者

Tanaka Osamu Takimoto Atsushi

出版者

一般社団法人日本植物生理学会

雑誌

Plant and cell physiology (ISSN:00320781)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.27-34, 1977-02

被引用文献数

3 15

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Cultures of Lemna paucicostata 6746 were exposed to a single 96-hr dark period followed by continuous illumination at 24±1℃. Flowering percentage increased to a maximum 3 days after the end of the dark period and then fell off to 0% on the 5th day. Among 20 amino acids and 2 amides tested, addition of asparagine, aspartate, glutamate, α-alanine, glycine and serine clearly increased the flowering percentages and retarded the regression of floral buds by 2-3 days. These substances given after the end of the long dark period were more effective than those given during the dark period, suggesting that they favored the flower-producing process following the inductive dark process. On the other hand, if the above amino acids or amide were applied under repeated light-dark cycles, they shortened the critical dark period by 1-2 hr and almost completely nullified the light-break effect. They seem to promote the flower-inductive dark process, too. Glutamate, for instance, was effective even at 5 μM, while this amino acid is found in the plant body in large quantities. The mechanism of flower promotion by these amino acids and amide remains unknown.

著者

TORNE J.M. CLAPAROLS I. FIGUERAS X. SANTOS M.

出版者

一般社団法人日本植物生理学会

雑誌

Plant and cell physiology (ISSN:00320781)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.2, pp.371-374, 1993-03

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The effect of pretreatments with DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an irreversible suicide inhibitor of the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity, in plant differentiation, poly-amine (PA) and amino acid contents of maize callus cultures was investigated. This study indicates that DFMO pretreatments can be used to improve regenerative response from maize callus cultures. These findings may also be useful in other recalcitrant cultures.

著者

Hayashi Hiroaki Chino Mitsuo

出版者

一般社団法人日本植物生理学会

雑誌

Plant and cell physiology (ISSN:00320781)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.247-251, 1990-03

被引用文献数

25

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The chemical composition of phloem sap from the uppermost internode of rice plants (Oryza sativa L., var. Kantou), one week after anthesis, was compared with that of phloem sap from the leaf sheath of a young seedling. The pure phloem sap from rice plants was collected by an insect laser technique. The phloem sap from the uppermost internode contained a high level of sucrose (573.8 mM) which was the only sugar detected. The concentrations of total amino acids, potassium and ATP were 124.8 mM, 40.4 mM and 1.76 mM, respectively. The concentration of sucrose was three times higher and the potassium level was one third as high in the internode sap as in the phloem sap from the leaf sheath. The total concentration of amino acids was almost the same, but the relative amount of each amino acid was quite different. The ratios of levels of Glu to Gln and of levels of Asp to Asn in the phloem sap from the uppermost internode were smaller than those in the phloem sap from the leaf sheath. The adenylate energy charge was 0.92-0.93 in both types of phloem sap. The amino acid composition of the phloem sap from the uppermost internode was compared with that of the phloem sap of the flag leaf and the endosperm sap of the same plant, one week after anthesis. The differences in composition along the phloem pathway suggest the selective translocation of amino acid.

著者

Takahama Umeo Oniki Takayuki

出版者

一般社団法人日本植物生理学会

雑誌

Plant and cell physiology (ISSN:00320781)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.4, pp.379-387, 1992-06

被引用文献数

23

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The aqueous phase of the cell walls inside leaves (apoplast) of spinach contained ascorbate (AA) and dehydroascorbate (DHA). Ratios of AA to AA plus DHA were between 0.4 and 0.9, whereas those inside leaves were higher than 0.9. The amounts of AA plus DHA in the apoplast were between 15 and 60 nmol (g fr wt)^<-1> of leaves. If the volume of the apoplast is about 10% of total volume of leaf cells, the concentrations of AA plus DHA were between 0.15 and 0.6 mM. Apoplastic AA was oxidized by hydrogen peroxide, and the oxidation was stimulated by phenolics such as caffeic acid or ferulic acid by a factor of 10, suggesting the presence in apoplast of peroxidases which are different from AA peroxidase. The stimulation was due to the oxidation of AA by the primary oxidation products of phenolics with apoplastic peroxidase. Based on the data, the physiological significance of the occurrence of AA in the apoplast is discussed in relation to the regulation of the apoplastic oxidation of phenolics.

著者

Goring H. Bless W. Schenk D. Kretschmer H.

出版者

一般社団法人日本植物生理学会

雑誌

Plant and cell physiology (ISSN:00320781)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.5, pp.833-838, 1978-08

被引用文献数

1

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The detectability of stored growth at various elongation rates (IAA- and acid-induced) was investigated in 5-mm wheat coleoptile segments. After 20 min turgor reduction by 0.15 M or 0.20 M mannitol, the detectability of stored growth depended on the elongation rate before turgor reduction. A hypothesis was proposed that the amount of stored growth is limited. Depending on the elongation rate, this then appears as complete or partial compensation of the growth lost during turgor reduction. The limit for full compensation was about 300 μm/hr・segment. At elongation rates of > 600 μm/hr・segment, no stored growth could be detected. The elongation of the wheat coleoptile sections at low and high elongation rates is assumed to be limited by different rate-determining steps.

著者

Ohmori Masayuki Okamoto Shinobu Fujisawa Takatomo

出版者

一般社団法人日本植物生理学会

雑誌

Plant and cell physiology (ISSN:00320781)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, 2001