著者
庄司 真理子
出版者
敬愛大学・千葉敬愛短期大学
雑誌
国際教養学論集 (ISSN:09177299)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2, pp.21-56, 1992-10

The purpose of this paper is to study the behaviors of miniinternational organizations in the face of intervention in Grenada. The four international organizations related to this case are the United Nations (UN), the Organization of American States (OAS), the Caribbean Community, the Organization of Eastern Carribean States (OECS). After World War II these two reasons to set up the mini-international organizations could be found: One was decolonization and the other was the institutionalization of international societies. In the Carribean basin, many mini-states which became independent from England could not, however, reach full independence. The various remaining colonial institutions became international organs in mini-international organizations. For example the member states of the OECS share the common organs of this international organization. Thus a political accident in one of these member states means an accident for all the member of the OECS immediately. When OECS invaded Grenada, the Caribbean Community could not take any action on it. Because some of the member states participated in invading Grenada, while the other states protested against this invasion. The OAS did not adopt any resolution, and they did not give any support to this invasion. In the UN, the majority of member states criticized this invasion, and then adopted a resolution to condemn this invasion. In the process of conflict resolution, each international organization showed different reactions. These organizations took actions based on political judgement, further they distributed their political roles. To endanger the roles of these international organizations was out of order. From the view point of a theory of International Organizations, the role of the mini-international organizations in the international conflict should be positively estimated. It would be important, however, to consider mini-international organizations in the process of conflict resolution by all the international organizations.
著者
山本 健
出版者
敬愛大学・千葉敬愛短期大学
雑誌
国際教養学論集 (ISSN:09177299)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, pp.127-160, 1996-04

This paper airms to analyse a document which consists of the donation of Siegfried and the reinvestiture by the abbot-bischop Baturich representing St. Emmeram in order to clarify the connection between the manorial structure and a peasant's family in early-medieval Germany. In an environment of scarce resources, the lord played an important role in reconstructing a fragmented peasant world. The lord managed to create a few larger or more productive holdings for a small number of tenants. On the other hand, he hindered marriage and the establishement of an independent family for a large number of inhabitants in the agricultural world. In this way, the manor seems to have been characterized by the seigneurial manipulation of family groupings. As a result, the lord had plenty of human resources throughout his entire estate and allotted excess persons to new tenant couples still without children or to older couples whose children had departed. In this way, the lord established an institution for the allocation of human and agricultural resources. This meant that the manor was a kind of circulatory system of persons throughout the whole estate.