著者

Ryoji Yoshitake Norihiro Ise Satoru Yamada Kazuo Tsuchiya

出版者

Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology

雑誌

Applied Human Science (ISSN:13413473)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.5, pp.205-211, 1997 (Released:2001-09-28)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

1 1

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The usability of four kinds of keyboards as regards touch and feel was evaluated by measuring the performance and eliciting the preferences of a total of 24 Japanese participants in a test that consisted of typing English text. It was found that quiet keyboards with an indistinct tactile feedback tend to give higher uncorrected error rates than keyboards with a distinct tactile feedback and clicking sound, while no significant difference in throughput was found among the four keyboards. As regards preference, the test participants were divided into two groups: those who preferred keyboards with a distinct tactile feedback and clicking sound, and those who preferred keyboards with an indistinct tactile feedback and no sound. Analysis revealed that these two groups also showed different sensations and preferences with respect to several aspects of the touch and feel of keyboards. This result suggests that suppliers of computer keyboards should provide two kinds of keyboards, with distinct and indistinct tactile key switches, in order to satisfy as many users as possible.

著者

Yoshitake Ryohji

出版者

日本生理人類学会

雑誌

Applied Human Science (ISSN:13413473)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.6, pp.287-292, 1995

被引用文献数

13

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Small computers are much in demand for mobile computing. However, keyboard size is an obstacle to further size reduction. Reducing the space occupied by keys would affect the usability of the keyboard. On the other hand, if the keys were closer together, the fingers would reach them faster. This could improve typing performance. An experiment was therefore conducted to investigate the relationship between users' performance and the center-to-center key space of reduced-size keyboards. Eighteen touch-typists were asked to do a word typing task on five different keyboards. A standard keyboard with a key space of 19.05 mm and smaller keyboards with key spaces of 16.7, 16.0, 15.6, and 15.0 mm were used in this study. No performance degradation was found on keyboards with a key space of 16.7 mm for faster typists (those capable of about 40 wpm), including those with large fingers (97.5 percentile of Japanese adult males). For faster typists with narrow fingers, there was no performance degradation on keyboards with a key space of 15.0 mm.

著者

Hiroyuki Imamura Yoshitaka Yoshimura Kazuhiro Uchida Seiji Nishimura Anthony T. Nakazawa

出版者

Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology

雑誌

Applied Human Science (ISSN:13413473)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.5, pp.215-218, 1998 (Released:2001-08-31)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

23 25

著者

Toshihiko Tsutsumi Brian M. Don Leonard D. Zaichkowsky Laura L. Delizonna

出版者

日本生理人類学会

雑誌

Applied Human Science (ISSN:13413473)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.6, pp.257-266, 0001-01-01 (Released:2001-09-28)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

45 92

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Previous studies concerning psychological benefits of exercise among the elderly has focused predominantly on the effects of aerobic exercise. In the present study, psychological and behavioral adaptations in response to 12-weeks of strength training were examined in medically healthy but sedentary 42 older adults (mean age=68 years). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of high and low intensity resistance training intensity on a) muscular fitness, b) psychological affect, and c) neurocognitive functioning. Subjects were randomly assigned to high intensity/low volume (EXH: 2 sets of 8 to 10 repetitions for 75 to 85% of 1 RM), low intensity/high volume (EXL: 2 sets of 14 to 16 repetitions for 55 to 65% of 1 RM), or no exercise control programs. Prior to and following the 12-week program, subjects underwent comprehensive physiological and psychological evaluations. Physiological assessment included measurements of blood pressure, heart rate, arm and leg muscle strength, body composition, and oxygen consumption (VO2max). Psychological measures included evaluations of mood, anxiety, and physical self-efficacy as well as cognitive functioning. The results of this study indicated that both high and low intensity strength programs were associated with marked improvements in physiological fitness and psychological functioning. Specifically, subjects in the strength training programs increased overall muscle strength by 38.6% and reduced percent body fat by 3.0%. Favorable psychological changes in the strength-trained subjects included improvements in positive and negative mood, trait anxiety, and perceived confidence for physical capability. The treatment effects of neurocognitive functioning were not significant. In summary, this study demonstrated that participation in 12-weeks of high or low intensity strength training can improve overall physical fitness, mood, and physical self-efficacy in older adults while cognitive functioning remains constant.

著者

Kikunori Shinohara Akitaka Yanagisawa Yutaka Kagota Akira Gomi Kenichi Nemoto Eisuke Moriya Eiichi Furusawa Kenichi Furuya Koji Terasawa

出版者

日本生理人類学会

雑誌

Applied Human Science (ISSN:13413473)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.37-42, 1999-03-30 (Released:2000-04-12)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

21 36

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Pachinko is a popular form of recreation in Japan. However, in recent years, along with Pachinko’s popularity, “Pachinko dependence” has become topical news. The purpose of this study was to investigate beta-endorphin, catecholamines, immune system responses and heart rate during the playing of Pachinko. The following significant results were observed. (1) Plasma concentration of beta-endorphin increased before playing Pachinko and while in the Pachinko-center (p<0.05). (2) Beta-endorphin and norepinephrine increased when the player began to win (i.e. at “Fever-start”) compared to baseline (p<0.05). (3) Beta-endorphin, norepinephrine and dopamine increased when the winning streak finished (i.e. at “Fever-end”) compared to baseline (p<0.05-0.01). (4) Norepinephrine increased past 30 minutes after “Fever-end” compared to baseline(p<0.05). (5) Heart rate increased before “Fever-start” compared to baseline, peaked at “Fever-start” and rapidly decreased to match rates measured at rest. But the increase was observed from 200 seconds after “Fever-start” (p<0.05-0.001). (6) There was a positive correlation between the number of hours subjects played Pachinko in a week and the differences between beta-endorphin levels at “Fever-start” and those at rest (p<0.05). (7) The number of T-cells decreased while the number of NK cells increased at “Fever-start” compared to baseline (p<.05). These results suggest that intracerebral substances such as beta-endorphin and dopamine are involved in the habit-forming behavior associated with Pachinko.

著者

Yoshitake Ryohji

出版者

日本生理人類学会

雑誌

Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology (ISSN:13413473)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.6, pp.287-292, 1995-11

被引用文献数

1

著者

Satipati Chatterjee Nabakumar Das Pratima Chatterjee

出版者

日本生理人類学会

雑誌

Applied Human Science (ISSN:13413473)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.1-7, 1999-01-30 (Released:2000-04-12)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

6 18

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The relative contributions of genetic and environmental components in the variability of anthropometric measurements were studied in 54 twin pairs. Thirty pairs of monozygotic (MZ) and 24 pairs of dizygotic (DZ) twins were investigated to estimate the role of genetic, environmental and hereditary factors determining anthropometric measurements comprising body weight, standing height, sitting height, knee height, arm span, chest circumference and biiliac diameter. Within-pair variance for all the measurements were significantly smaller (p<0.05-0.01) in MZ twins than in DZ twins of both-sex twin group. Within-pair correlations for those measurements were higher (p<0.01) in both MZ and DZ twins. Correlation values were, apparently, higher more in MZ than in DZ twins. Besides, all the measurements are highly heritable components and heritability estimates ranged 40%-91%. When both MZ and DZ twin pairs of both-sex population were classified, based on age and sex, into different sub-groups interindividual variabilities were altered to a certain degrees. These data state that anthropometric measurements are influenced by genetic factors than environmental factors and besides, age and sex are possibly associated, to some extent, with the genetic influence upon anthropometric measurements.

著者

Qiuqing Geng Kalev Kuklane Ingvar Holmér

出版者

日本生理人類学会

雑誌

Applied Human Science (ISSN:13413473)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.6, pp.229-236, 0001-01-01 (Released:2001-09-28)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

3 6 4

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In this study, tactile sensitivity of gloved hand in the cold operation has been investigated. The relations among physical properties of protective gloves and hand tactile sensitivity and cold protection were also analysed both objectively and subjectively. Subjects with various gloves participated in the experimental study during cold exposure at different ambient temperatures of -12°C and -25°C. Tactual performance was measured using an identification task with various sizes of objects over the percentage of misjudgment. Forearm, hand and finger skin temperatures were also recorded throughout. The experimental data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) model and the Tukey's multiple range test. The results obtained indicated that the tactual performance was affected both by gloves and by hands/fingers cooling. Effect of object size on the tactile discrimination was significant and the misjudgment increased when similar sizes of objects were identified, especially at -25°C.