著者

Upchurch Paul Tomida Yukimitsu Barrett Paul M

出版者

国立科学博物館

雑誌

National Science Museum monographs (ISSN:13429574)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.i-118, 2004

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1993年,アメリカ・ワイオミング州サーモポリス近郊に露出するモリソン層(ジュラ紀後期,キンメリジアン〜チトニアン)から,アパトサウルスのほぼ完全な骨格が発掘された.この標本は東京の国立科学博物館が入手し,組み立てられて展示標本として一般に公開されている.この新しい標本を詳細に記載することにより,属の再定義および種レベルの分類に有効な,新たな解剖学的データを得た.アパトサウルスに同定された標本を個体レベルで分岐解析した結果,これまでわかっていなかった系統関係が明らかとなり,あわせてA. ajax(模式種),A. excelsus, A. louisae, A. parvus(新組合せ)の4種が有効と認められた.A. parvusは,ワイオミング州シープクリークのモリソン層から産した'Elosaurus' parvusの標本をもとにした種である.分岐解析の結果,アパトサウルスの東京標本はA. ajaxに同定される. これまではアパトサウルス属の模式種であるA. ajaxにっいての詳しい記載がなかったため,本研究が本種についてのもっとも詳しい記載論文ということになる.また,改定された属および種の定義によって,これまでアパトサウルスに固定されてきたいろいろな標本(オクラホマ州産の幼体標本を含む)の再評価が可能となった.

著者

Kobayashi Yoshitsugu Tomida Yukimitsu Kamei Tadao Eguchi Taro

出版者

国立科学博物館

雑誌

National Science Museum monographs (ISSN:13429574)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, pp.i-121, 2006

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中期更新統の大阪層群から発見されたマチカネワニ(Toyotamaphimeia machikanensis)の模式標本について,本論文で詳細な再記載を行った.系統解析は,48分類群(2外群)の165形質を使って行った.その結果,420ステップで323個の最節約樹が得られた.厳密合意樹は,マチカネワニが明らかにマレーガビアル亜科(Tomistominae)に含まれることと,同亜科の唯一の現生種(マレーガビアルTomistoma schlegelii)の姉妹群であることを示している.さらに,系統樹の樹形は,マレーガビアル亜科がヨーロッパで起源したあとマチカネワニとマレーガビアルの分岐群が40万年前までに東アジアに拡散してきたことを支持し,これまでの研究と整合性を持つ.マチカネワニの定義についても改定した.従来は上顎の最大の歯は7番目と言われていたが,実際には12,13番目の方が7番目より大きい.上顎の7番より後方の歯はそれより前方の歯に比べてより密に並ぶ.上顎の8番から12番の歯は,かみ合ったときに下顎の歯の外側に位置するが,13番から16番の歯は対応する下顎歯と噛みあうことから,後方の歯は破砕の用途に使われたと考えられる.岸和田市から発見された類似のマレーガビアル亜科のワニ化石は,以前にはマチカネワニと考えられていたが,マチカネワニとは異なる分類群で,より原始的な種の可能性がある.

著者

Bonaparte Jose F.

出版者

国立科学博物館

雑誌

National Science Museum monographs (ISSN:13429574)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.1-12, 1999

被引用文献数

32

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A new genus and species of Aptian sauropod, from the Lohan Cura Formation, is briefly described. It is based on an incomplete sequence of fragmentary dorsal, sacral, and caudal vertebrae, a tibia, a fibula, left metatarsals, and osteoderms, representing four morfo-types. The peculiar morphology of the osteoderms and of the top of the neural spines where the osteoderms were fixed, is considered sufficient characters to support setting up a new family of the Sauropoda the Agustinidae nov.

著者

Bonaparte Jose F. Ferigolo Jorge Ribeiro Ana Maria

出版者

国立科学博物館

雑誌

National Science Museum monographs (ISSN:13429574)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.89-109, 1999

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Two incomplete specimens of a new genus and species of Saurischia, Guaibasaurus candelariensis, from the Caturrita Formation of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, offers new data on the basal dinosaurs and a new interpretation of the early evolution of the Saurischia. The new taxon is more primitive than the Herrerasauridae, in the structure of the dorsal vertebrae, ilium, pubis, femur, tarsus and foot. The mesotarsal condition and the outline of the distal section of tibia indicate the saurischian nature of this new form, but the almost unreduced medial wall of the acetabular portion of ilium shows an unrecorded primitive condition within the cited group. These particular characters lead us to propose a new family : the Guaibasauridae. Several features suggesting affinities with both the Prosauropoda and Theropoda, imply that Guaibasaurus candelariensis may belong to the ancestral group for both of them.

著者

INDRIATI E.

出版者

国立科学博物館

雑誌

Proceedings of the 5^<th> and 6^<th> Symposia on Collection Building and Natural History Studies in Asia and the Pacific Rim. National Science Museum Monographs (ISSN:13429574)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.163-177, 2004

被引用文献数

1

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The number of Indonesian hominid fossil discoveries has increased from the first in 1889 up to 2003. The most recent publications of Indonesian's hominid discoveries were in 1975 and in 1984. While the 1975 catalogue listed 57 hominids from Indonesia, in 2003 the list has more than doubled, albeit lacking provenience for some of the discoveries. The lack of provenience, however, should not discourage the study of these fossils since their anatomy is important to the study of human evolution. Furthermore, many new findings have been named and published with coding systems that are not in accord with those typically used in paleoanthropology. There is also some overlap in the Arabic and Roman numeral numbering systems; for instance, Sangiran 9 is a right mandible discovered in 1960, whereas Sangiran skull IX is a cranium with maxilla discovered in 1993. In addition, various fossils have changed repositories, such as the Ngandong series which was returned to Indonesia from Germany in 1975, and the Modjokerto child which was returned in 1978. Sambungmacan 3 was returned to Indonesia in 1999 after it was found in a New York natural history shop. This article aims to initiate work to provide systematic coding for Indonesian fossil discoveries since 1975, in the order of their discovery, and to determine the latest fossil repositories.

著者

YOSHIYUKI Mizuko

出版者

国立科学博物館

雑誌

National Science Museum monographs (ISSN:13429574)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.1-242, 1989

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This article is a taxonomic revision of the Japanese bat fauna based on an extensive study of 4380 specimens collected from Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Rishiri I., Sado I., Oki I., Seven Is. of Izu, Tsushima Is., Goto Is., Iki I., Yakushima I., Kuchinoerabu I., Amami Is., Okinawa I., Daito Is., Kume-jima I., Ishigaki I. Iriomote I., Yonakuni I. and Ogasawara Islands. In this study, the following species concept was employed; the species is a population reproductively isolated from other similar populations, and the subsecies is a local population more or less clearly separated geographically and morphologically from the other populations of the species. Besides the external and internal features customarily used in chiropteran taxonomy at the species level, in most cases in this study such characters as the baculum, scapula, and sternum were also examined, to determine variability and the taxonomic status of the population as objectively as possible. Quantitative characters of local populations, such as mean values and standard deviations in length were compared statistically, always considering the nature of geographical trends or clines among of the population. On the other hand, in comparing of qualitative characters, special attention was paid to age variation. Where a group of local populations showed a distinct and smooth cline in an important quantitative character, then the populations within the group were recognized as members of a same species. But a local population clearly deviating from such a cline was recognized as specifically different because the population seems to be reproductively isolated from any others. By these methods, the Japanese chiropterans were divided into 44 species and subspecies, belonging to thirteen genera, five families, and two suborders. The chiropteran fauna of Japan is composed of three species of Pteropus in the family Pteropodidae of the Megachiroptera and 35 species of the Microchiroptera; five species of Rhinolophus in the family Rhinolophidae, one species of Hipposideros in the family Hipposideridae, twelve species of Myotis, five species of Pipistrellus, two species of Nyctalus, two species of Eptesicus, one species of Vespertilio, one species of Barbastella, one species of Plecotus, one species of Miniopterus and three species of Murina in the family Vespertilionidae, and one species of Tadarida in the family Molossidae. During this study following six new species were discovered from Japan, including two forms in collaboration: Rhinolophus imaizumii in the Rhinolophidae and Myotis yesoensis, pruinosus, Nyctalus furvus, Murina silvatica and M. tenebrosa in the Vespertilionidae. New localities were given to Pteropus dasymallus daitoensis, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon, R. cornutus cornutus, R. c. orii, Myotis fujiensis, M gracilis, M. ikonnikovi, M. ozensis, M. daubentoni ussuriensis, Nyctalus aviator, Eptesicus nilssoni parvus, Vespertilio superans superans, Barbastella leucomelas darjelingensis, Plecotus auritus sacrimontis, Miniopterus fuscus, Miniopterus schreibersi fuliginosus, Murina silvatica, Murina hilgendorfi and Tadarida insignis. Rhinolophus imaizumii from Iriomote I. was recognized as a new species by myself and J. E. Hill of the British Museum (Natural History). I had noticed this form while studying a vast number of samples of this genus collected from Japan, and it seemed to be different from any known forms of the group including R. perditus from Ishigaki I. This was confirmed by Hill after careful comparison of samples of this form and type specimens of this group in London. An examination of about ten specimens of Myotis pruinosus proved that this is the smallest species of the subgenus Leuconoe, having the forearm as short as that of M. ikonnikovi, the smallest species of the subgenus Selysius. It is similar in general respects to M. davidi of China, but much smaller. Nyctalus furvus is a member of the noctula group, but eleven specimens of this species from Iwate Prefecture are much smaller than N. noctula of Eurasia and N. velutinus of China and have different cranial and dental characters. There was a distinct gap between furvus and the latter two species, so I recognized it as a distinct species. Murina silvatica has long been misidentified as M. aurata ussuriensis or M. ussuriensis. As a result of a comparison of about thirty specimens of silvatica from Japan, the type specimen of M. ussuriensis in the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University, and M. aurata aurata from the Himalayas, the distinctness of silvatica became evident, so it was given a new name. Murina tenebrosa from Tsushima Is., is known from only one specimen. But this species is different from all other Asiatic members of the genus by the nearly naked dorsal surface of the uropatagium and intermediate dimensions of several important characters. The nearest form to this species may be M. florium of Flores I. The recently described Myotis yesoensis of the subgenus Selysius is a medium-sized form similar to M. hosonoi of Honshu in general features. This species is known from several localities in the Hidaka Mountains, Hokkaido, and was found together with M gracilis in a forest on Mt. Petegari, the type locality. It differs from gracilis in its shorter ear and in several important cranial and dental characters. It is larger but has a relatively shorter tail than M. ikonnikovi of the same subgenus, known from Nakano-shima I., Toya Lake, but has a shorter tail. The coefficient of difference in the length of tail between these two forms is remarkable. All of the forms known from Japan are described in order of family, genus, species, and subspecies, from primitive to advanced. Keys are given to all families and genera and to species in polytypic genera. The description of each species or subspecies contains detailed features of the skull and teeth, and in most cases covers also the features of the body skeleton and baculum which have not been fully described. The taxonomic status of each form is also fully discussed. The Japanese mainland region consisting of Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu, the Ryukyu region, and the Ogasawara region differ remarkably from each other in their species composition of bats. The Japanese mainland region, belonging to the north eastern Chinese subregion of the Palaearctic region,. has many species common to Eurasia but also several peculiar to the region. Both the Ryukyu region belonging to the Indo-Chinese subregion of the Oriental region, and the Ogasawara region, belonging to the Polynesian subregion of the Australian region, have only a few species, but most of them are endemic. One of the characteristic features of the Japanese chiropteran fauna is that the number of species is more numerous in the region north of the STEJNEGER line, containing Hokkaido and a half of Honshfi, than in the region south of the line, contrary to the tendency seen in continental Asia.

著者

Yang T. Y. Aleck

出版者

国立科学博物館

雑誌

National Science Museum monographs (ISSN:13429574)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.79-89, 2004

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The Research and Collection Division of the National Museum of Natural Science, Taiwan, is divided into the Zoology Department, Botany Department, Geology Department, Anthropology Department, and Registrar's Office. The Registrar's Office is responsible for receiving and sending out specimens, as well as handling donations of specimens, for the other four departments in the division. The first four departments focus on scientific research and specimen collection, including collection, exchange, and purchase of specimens. At the present time (till August 2003), there are totally 574,861 specimens in the museum. Among them, 363,303 belong to the Zoology Department and include 11,075 birds and mammals, 17,227 amphibians, reptiles and fish, 18,196 invertebrates and 316,805 insects. There are 129,448 specimens in the Botany Department, including 96,076 vascular plant specimens, fungal, algal and lichen 13,743 specimens and 19,629 bryophyte specimens. The Geology Department possesses 34,625 specimens including 8,635 minerals, 21,576 fossils and 4,414 rock cores. Finally, in the Anthropology Department, there are 47,485 specimens including 7,158 ethnological specimens and 40,327 archaeological specimens.

著者

Polcyn Michael J. Tchernov Eitan Jacobs Louis L.

出版者

国立科学博物館

雑誌

National Science Museum monographs (ISSN:13429574)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.259-290, 1999

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The Cenomanian fauna of 'Ein Yabrud, Israel, contains a suite of marine lepidosaurs, including a new, basal mosasauroid, similar to those from Cretaceous shallow marine carbonate settings in Italy and Croatia. Plate tectonic models indicate Early Cretaceous rifting of continental crust from the northeastern portion of Africa with subsequent northward drifting and incorporation into southern Europe. Eustatic curves indicate generally lower sea levels prior to the middle Albian than later in the Cretaceous. Therefore, terrestrial vertebrates of Early Cretaceous age in the eastern Mediterranean are likely of Gondwana origin. Southern European Early Cretaceous dinosaur bones, including the skeleton of the maniraptoran Scipionyx, footprints, and lepidosaurs were implaced as biogeographic voyagers on beached Viking funeral ships, derived initially from Africa and accreted onto Europe. The inundated Apulian Platform and related carbonate shelves supported a tropical marine lepidosaur fauna, including aigialosaurs, coniasaurs, and the earliest documented invasion of the sea by snakes.